Cultoquliey, 2½ miles NE. of Crieff, Perthshire;
has been the seat of the Maxtone family since the
beginning of the 15th century.

Cultra, ry. sta., N. co. Down, 6 m. NE. of Belfast.

Cults.—par. and hamlet (Cults Mill), mid. Fifeshire,
3½ miles SW. of Cupar, 2924 ac., pop. 704; contains
sandstone and limestone quarries. Sir David Wilkie
(1785-1841), the painter, was born in the manse.—2.
Cults, hamlet with ry. sta., in co. and 4 miles SW. of
Aberdeen; P.O.; in vicinity is Cults llouse.

Culvain, summit, Kilmalie par., Inverness, 3224 ft.

Culver Cliff, picturesque headland, E. coast Isle of
Wight, 2¾ miles SE. of Brading.

Culver House, seat, 5 m. SW. of Exeter, E. Devon.

Culverley, locality, S. Hants, in New Forest, 5½
miles SW. of Southampton.

Culverstone Green, hamlet and school, Ash and
Meopham pars., mid. Kent, 4 miles S. of Gravesend.

Culvert, school, Blackburn dist., NE. Lancashire.

Culverthorpe, township and seat, Haydor par., S.
Lincolnshire, 5 miles SW. of Sleaford, pop. 85.

Culwortli, par., S. Northamptonshire, 6 miles NE.
of Banbury, 2246 ac., pop. 465; P.O.

Culzean Castle, seat, Ayrshire. See Colzean.

Climber, Lower, par., in co. and 5 miles E. of
Londonderry, 14,466 ac., pop. 2673.

Cumber, Upper, par., W. co. Londonderry and N.
co. Tyrone, 9 m. SE. of Londonderry, 17,597ac., pop. 3425.

Cumberland.—a maritime and border co. of Eng¬
land, having the cos. of Dumfries and Roxburgh on the
N., Northumberland and Durham on the E., Westmor¬
land and Lancashire on the S., the Irish Sea on the W.,
and the Solway Firth on the NW.; length, NE. and
SW., 75 miles ; extreme breadth, E. and W., 45 miles;
average breadth, 22 miles; coast line, about 75 miles;
area, 970,161 ac., pop. 250,647. The coast on the Sol¬
way is low and sandy, but on the Irish Sea it is lofty
and rugged ; chief promontory, St Bees Head. In the
NW. the country is open and flat; it is watered by the
Eden and other streams, and consists chiefly of verdant
meadows and good arable land. From this plain the
surface rises towards the E. and S. into a region with
deep defiles or dales, which form the mountainous
district of “The Lakes,” the scenery of which is
generally picturesque, and attracts great numbers of
tourists. The principal summits are Scafell Pikes
(3210 ft.), Scafell (3162 ft.), Helvellyn (3118 ft.), Skid-
daw (3058 ft.), Bow Fell (2960 ft.), and Cross Fell (2892
ft.). The largest lakes are Ullswater, Derwentwater,
Bassenthwaite Water, Thirlmere, Buttermere, Wast
Water, and Ennerdale Water. The Eden and the
Derwent are the two longest rivers. The Esk passes
through the co. before entering the Solway Firth, and
its affluent, the Liddell, runs for some distance along
the Scottish border. Coal and iron are extensively
worked in the W., the coalfield stretching from the
neighbourhood of Whitehaven to that of Maryport.
Numerous blast furnaces are constantly at work.
Plumbago or black lead is obtained in considerable
quantities near Keswick. Slate, limestone, and sand¬
stone are abundant. Copper, cobalt, antimony, man¬
ganese, and gypsum are also found. Owing to the
general elevation of the land, and the moisture of the
climate, the cultivation of the soil is less attended
to than the rearing of sheep and cattle. The dairy
produce is very considerable. (For agricultural statis¬
tics, see Appendix.) Woollen mfrs. are carried on
to some extent at Carlisle and some other places.
The co. comprises 5 wards, 208 pars., the pari, and
mun. bor. of Carlisle (1 member), and the pari. bor.
of Whitehaven (1 member). It is mostly in the diocese
of Carlisle. For pari, purposes it is divided into 4
divisions, viz., Northern or Eskdale, Mid or Penrith,
Cockermouth, and Western or Egremont, 1 member for
each division.

Cumberland Cavern, Matlock, N. Derbyshire; has
a gallery 111 yards long and 20 ft. wide, with almost
perpendicular walls of solid rock.

Cumberland Fort, fort at mouth of Langston harb.,
S. Hants, 3 miles E. of Portsmouth.

Cumbernauld, par. and vil. with ry. sta., in de¬
tached part of Dumbartonshire, 15½ miles NE. of Glas¬
gow—par., 11,635 ac., pop. 4270; vil., 1¾ m. N. of sta.,
pop. 1064; P.O.; and P.O. at Cumbernauld Station;