schools, which are well conducted, as well as the
university of Gottingen. The frankness, sim-
plicity and hospitality, mentioned by Tacitus as
characteristic of the ancient Germans, is still a
prominent feature in the manners of the Hano-
verians, particularly the inhabitants of the heaths.

Hanover though under the government of
Great Britain for more than a century, has under-
gone no political incorporation. At the diet of
Germany, the king of Hanover occupies the fifth
rank, and has four votes at the general assembly.
The king’s power is limited, having a counterpoise
in the nobility of Wolfenbuttel, the heads of the
church and the deputies of the towns. The only
order of knighthood, is that of the Guelf, institu-
ted in 1815.

Hanover was taken possession of by the king
of Prussia in 1801, and invaded by Bonaparte
in 1803, and in 1806 partly ceded to the Prussians.
But on the expulsion of the French in 1813, the
whole electorate was restored to the king of Great
Britain; and the electoral office having been an-
nulled, he assumed, in 1815, the title of king of
Hanover. Population of the whole territory about

1,300,000, of whom about 8,000 are Jews.

Hanover, a city of Germany , and capital of the
above kingdom. It is built in the form of a half
moon, and divided by the river Leine into the old
and new towin. The old town presents an anti-
quated appearance, hut the buildings in the new
town are in a better style. Hanover contains a
considerable number of public buildings, among
which are the elector's palace, and the public li-
brary ; the latter founded by Leibnitz, to whom
an elegant monument has been erected in the
town. There are five Lutheran churches, besides
the chapels of the Calvinists and Catholics, and a
Jewish synagogue. There are small manufac-
tures of gold and silver lace, printing of cotton,
linen, brewing, vinegar, <fcc. Pop. 25,000. 41 m.
W. by N. Brunswick, and 154 W. of Berlin.

Hanover, ph. Grafton Co. N. H. on the Con-
necticut, 114 m. fr. Boston : 102 fr. Portsmouth.
Pop. 2,361. In this pleasant village is situated
v Dartmouth College, which was established in
1771. The institution at present comprises a
three story winoden edifice containing 34 rooms
for the scholars and 6 for other purposes ; a brick
structure called Medical House, 75 feet long and
3 stories high, containing a laboratory, an anatom-
ical museum, a mineralogical cabinet, 2 lecture
rooms. 6 rooms for students and a chapel; there is
also a greenhouse. The officers are a President
and 8 Professors. The college library contains

6,000 vols. and there are 8,000 in the students
libraries The number of students in 1831 was
150. There are 3 vacations in May, August and
December of 15 weeks. Commencement is in
August.

Hanover, p t. Plymouth Co. Mass. Pop. 1,300.
Also a ph. Chatauque Co. N. Y. Pop. 2,614.
Also a village in Oneida Co. N. Y. And towns
in Burlington Co. N. J.; Montgomery, York, Lu-
zerne. Lebanon. Dauphin, Northampton and Bea-
ver Cos Pa.: Columbiana, Harrison, Butler and
Licking Cos. Ohio.

Hanover, a town of Virginia, in a county of the
same name, situate on the Pamunky, the S.
branch of York river, 22 m. N. N. E. of Rich-
mond. Pop. of the county in 1810, 15,082, in
1820, 15,267.

Hanover, New. a large island in the South Pa-
cific Ocean, opposite the N. W. extremity of
New Ireland. It is high and covered with trees,

among which are many beautiful plantations
Lat. of W, end, 2. 25. long. 149. 6.

Han-san. See Turon.

Hanse Towns, the name of certain free towns of
Germany, which, being infested with pirates and
robbers, entered into a mutual league for their
protection. This association is supposed to have
continued from the 13th to the 16th century.
It consisted at first of only two towns, but it so
increased in strength and reputation, that at last
it consisted of 66 cities. Having at length
proclaimed war against Woldemar, king of Den-
mark, with 40 ships and 12,000 troops, several
merchants were ordered by the princes of their
respective kingdoms, to withdraw their effects,
and the association for the most part wins dissolved.
Several towns in Germany still retain the name,
though the laws by which they are governed are
annulled.

Hanson, ph. Plymouth Co. Mass. Pop. 1,030

Han-tehong, a city of China, of the first class,
in the province of Chensi, on the river Han, sur
rounded by mountains and forests. The articles
of trade are honey, wax, musk, and cinnabar.
Long. 106. 35. E., lat. 32. 58. N.

Hanuye, or Hannut, a towin of the Netherlands,
in Brabant, on the frontiers of Liege and Namur,
20 m. N. N. E. of Namur.

Han-yang, a city of China, of the first class, in
the province of Houquang. It is seated at the
conflux of the Han with the Kiang-ku. Long.
113. 44. E., lat. 30. 36. N.

Hapaee, the name of four of the Friendly Is-
lands, in the Pacific Ocean. They are of simtliar
height and appearance, and connected hy a reef
of coral rocks, dry at low water. The planta-
tions are numerous and extensive. These islands
extend from N. to S. about 19 m. and lie between
174. 24. and 174. 15. W. long., and lat. 19. 39.
and 19. 53. S.

Hapsal, a town of Russia, in the government
of Revel, seated on the Baltic, opposite the island
of Dago, 45 m. S. W. of Revel.

Hapslmrg, an ancient castle of Switzerland, on
a lofty eminence, near Schintznach. What is
left of it is now inhabited by the family of a
peasant. This castle was the cradle, as it were, of
the house of Austria, whose ancestors may be
traced back to the beginning of the 13th century,
when Rodolph, count of Hapsburgh was elevated
tec the empire of Germany and archduchy of
Austria.

Haran, or Charan, a town of Asiatic Turkey,
Diarbek, known in Scripture as the country of
Laban. To this place Crassus retired after his
defeat by the Parthians, and not far from it he
was killed. It is 25 m. E. by S. of Orfa.

Harborough, a town in Leicestershire, Eng.
It is seated on the Welland, 15 m. S. of Leicester,
and 83 N. by W. of London.

Harburg, a town of Hanover, in the duchy of
Luneburg, with a strong castle. It has manufac-
tures of silk, stockings, wax and tobacco ; and a
great trade ’ in timber with Hollanu. In 1757
it was taken by the French, and retaken the same
year by the Hanoverians. It is seated on the
Seeve, at its conflux with the Elbe, opposite Ham-
burg, 29 m. N. W. of Luneburg.

Hareourt, a town of France, in the department
of Calvados, 12 m. S. by W. of Caen.

Hadberg, a town of Germany, in Stiria, 12
m. S. S. W. of Friedberg, and 25. E. S. E. of
Gratz.

Hardegson, a town of the province of Calen-
2 H 2