It is fortified with square towers and parapets, and
has one of the most superb pagodas in Hindoostan.
It is 130 m. N. N. W. of Cape Comorin, and 270
S. S. W. of Madras. Long. 78.12. E., lat. 9.55.N.

Madura, an island in the Indian Ocean, on the
N. coast of the island of Java. It is 100 m. long
and 15 broad, and the soil is fertile and well cul-
tivated. The chief towns are Samanap, Parma-
cassan. and Bancallan.

Maeler, a lake of Sweden, 80 m. long and 20
broad, between the provinces of Westmania and
Sudermania. It contains several fine islands, is
usually frozen during a few weeks in winter, and
opens an easy communication, by sledges, be
tween the interior parts of Sweden and the city
of Stockholm.

Maelstrom, a dangerous whirlpool on the coast
of Norway, in 68. N. lat. and near the island of
Moskoe, Whence it is also named Moskoestrom.
When it is flood, the stream runs up the country
with a boisterous rapidity ; but the roar of its im-
petuous ebb to the sea is scarcely equalled by the
loudest cataracts. The whirlpool is of such an
extent and depth that, if a ship comes within its
attraction, it is inevitably absorbed and beaten in
pieces against the rocks below; and when the
water relaxes, the fragments come up again. The
intervals of tranquility are only at the turn of the
ebb and flood, and calm weather ; and they last
but a quarter of an hour, its violence gradually
returning. When the stream is m*st boisterooJ,
and its fury heightened by a storm, vessels have
been reached by it at the distance of 5 m.

Maerna, a town of Germany, in Tvrol, 23 m.
W. S. W. of Trent.

Maese. See Meuse.

Maeseyk, a town of the Netherlands, in the
province of Liege, on the river Meuse, 10 m. S.

S. W. of Ruremonde.

Maeslandsluys, a town of S. Holland, near the
mouth of the Meuse, 10 m. W. of Rotterdam.

Maestrieht, a city of the Netherlands, about 4
m. in circumference, seated on the Meuse, oppo-
site Wyck, with which it communicates by a
stone bridge. The number of inhabitants is esti-
mated at 18,000. It has fine long streets, many
churches and convents, a college formerly be-
longing to the Jesuits, a council bouse with its li-
brary and considerable manufacture of cloth,
leather, hosiery, and hardware. Near it is the
loftv mountain of St. Peter, with a fortress; and
a stone qnarrv, with such a nnmber of subterra-
nean passages as to be capable of containing 40,
000 persons. The other fortifications and the sit-
uation of Maastricht are such that it is deemed
one of the strongest places in Europe. The city
was besieged by the French in 1748, during the
negociafio&s of Aix-la-Chapelle, was unsuccess-
fully attacked bv them in 1793, and they became
masters of it towards the end of the following
vear. Is 1814 it was delivered up to the allied
"forces. It is 14 si. X. X. E. of Liege, and 58 E.
of Brussels Lt-ag. 5. 48. xc2xa3., lat. 50. 49. X.

Mafr*. a teva'of Portugal, in Estremadura,
with "a c:Large fcssaed in 1772. In a sandy and
barren spot aexr tVxc2xabxc2xab place John V., in pursuance
of a vow. erected a building of extraordinary
magnificence, as a Franciscan convent. The
town is seated near the sea, 18 m. N. N. W. of
Lisbon.

Magadi, or Mmfbrry. a town of Hindoostan, in
the district of Vf/sore, seated in a hilly country,
abounding in timber-trees, stone and iron, 24 m.
W. of Bangalore.

Magadoxa, the capital of a kingdom of the same
name, on the coast of Ajan, with a citadel, and a
good harbour. It stands at the mouth of a river,
which is supposed to have along course, having
regular inundations that fertilize the country to a
great extent. The inhabitants are mostly Ma-
homedans; but there are also some Abyssinian
Christians. They all speak the Arabic tongue, are
stout and warlike and among other weapons use
poisoned arrows and lances. The city is a place
of great commerce, receiving from Adel and other
parts, cotton, silk spices, and drugs, in exchange
for gold, ivory, wax, and other commodities.
Long. 46. 25. E., lat. 2. 10. N.

Magdalen Isles, a group of islets, in the gulf of
St. Lawrence, near its entrance. They are in-
habited by a few families, whose chief support
is derived from fishing.

Magdalena, a large river of Colombia, which
rises in the province of Popayan, and after a
course of 900 m. falls into the sea, in lat. 11. 2.
N.

Magdalena, a river of New Mexico, which
runs into the sea between the rivers Flores and
Mexicano.

Magdeburg, a government of the Prussian
states^ in Saxony, composed of part of the Old
Mark on the left of the Elbe, the pirncipalitv of
Halperstadt, the abbey of Quedlinburg, the coun-
tv of Wernigerode, the barony of Schauen, and
the bailiwics of Kloetze, Barby, and Gommern.
It comprises a superficial area of nearly 4,400 sq.
m., is divided into 15 circles, and contains 450,000
inhabitants. The country is in general level,
and the parts which are not marshy and over-
grown with wood are very fertile. Its commerce
is greatly facilitated by the Elbe, which traver-
ses through its whole extent.

Magdeburg, a fortified city, capital of the fore-
going government. It has a handsome palace, a
citadel with a fine arsenal, and a magnificent
cathedral, which contains the superb mausoleum
of Otho the great. The inhabitants are computed at

30,000. Here are manufactures of cotton and
linen goods, stockings, gloves, porcelain, hats,
leather, soap, and tobacco ; but the principal are
those of woolen and silk. It is well situate for
trade, on both sides ofthe Elbe, by which it has an
easy communication with Hamburgh. In the
neighbourhood are the monastery of Bergin, and
the salt-works of Schcenebeck, producing about

30,000 tons annually. Magdeburg has sustained
several sieges. In 1631 it was taken by the
Austrians, who burnt the town, except the cathe-
dral and a few houses, adjacent, and massacred
above 10,000 of the inhabitants; but it was soon
handsomely rebuilt. In 1806 it surrendered to
the French, and was not restored till 1813. It is
75 m. W. S. W. of Berlin, and 120 S. E. of Ham-
burgh. Long. 11.40. E., lat. 52.10. N.

Magellan, a strait of S. America, discovered in
1520 by Ferdinando Magellan, a Portuguese in
the service of Spain. It has since been sailed
through by several navigators; but the passage,
upward of 300 m. being dangerous and trouble-
some, they now sail round Cape Horn.

Magerville, a township of Sunbury Co. New
Brunswick, on the St. Johns.

Magireroe, or Mageron, a large island on the
coast of Norway, and the most nothern land in
Europe. It is separated from the continent on
the S. by a narrow channel, and itsN. extremity
is an enormous rock, called N. Cape. Long. 25
57. E., lat. 71. 10. N.