part; on Lake Champlain. Large quantities of
white and beautifully variegated marble are found
in this county. It is well watered by Otter Creek,
Mad and White Rivers; and by Lake Cham-
plain, which affords many navigable privileges.
The soil is good, particularly in those towns be-
low the mountains, and bordering the lake and
rivers.

Addison, Yt., Addison co. On the E. side of
Lake Champlain, and nearly opposite to Crown
Point, N. Y. The French commenced a settle-
ment here in 1731. The English came here about
1770. 40 miles W. S. W. from Montpelier, and
12 W. N. W. from Middlebury.

Addison, Steuben co., N. Y. Watered by
Camisteo River and Tuscarora Creek. The sur-
face is uneven and the soil not remarkably fertile.
Grindstones are made from the sandstone fur-
nished in this town. 18 miles S. from the village
of Bath, and 225 W. by S. from Albany, N. Y.

Adell, Io., c. h. Dallas co. 80 miles W. of
Iowa city, on Raccoon River, a tributary of the
Des Moines.

Adelphia, 0., Colerain township, Ross co. On
the north fork of Salt Creek ; 40 miles S. E. from
Columbus and 16 N. E. from Chillicothe.

Adrian, Mn., c. h. Lenawee co. Opposite the
junction of Beaver Creek with Raisin River; S.
W. from Detroit, 67 miles. One of the most flour-
ishing towns in the state. The Michigan South-
ern Railroad, between Monroe on Lake Erie and
Chicago, Is., passes through it, and another rail-
road comes in here from Toledo, on the Maumee.
67 miles S. W. from Detroit, and 38 miles W.
from Monroe.

Aid, 0., Lawrence co. A township on the
waters of Symmes Creek, 15 miles from Bur-
lington.

Air, Pa. A township of Bedford co., drained
by Big Cove, a tributary of the Potomac. Moun-
tainous, with fertile valleys.

Akron, 0., Summit co. On the Portage summit
of the Ohio Canal, in a beautiful and fertile coun-
try. It possesses a great hydraulic power, and is a
place of much trade am| manufacture. Here the
Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal intersects the Ohio
Canal. Near this place is an abundance of bitu-
minous coal. It is 16 miles S. W. from Ravenna,
and 110 E. from Columbus.

Alabama, N. Y., Genesee co. On the Tona-
wanda Creek, which sends a feeder across the N.
W. part of the town into the Erie Canal. On
this creek, near the feeder, are falls of about 30
feet. The soil is clay and gravelly loam, produ-
cing flne wheat. 12 miles N. W. from Batavia
village, and 257 W. from Albany.

^lachua County. Fa., c. h. at Newmansville. In
the N. central part of the peninsula, between the
Suwanee and the St.Johns. It contains several
ponds and prairies, and affords excellent pastur-
age. Surface rolling.

Alamance County, N. C. N. central. New; tak-
en from the N. W. part of Orange. Watered by
the Haw, which passes through it from N. W. to
S. E.

Albany, Ky., e. h. Clinton co. On Spring
Creek, a branch of Cumberland River, 126 miles
from Frankfort.

Albany, Me., Oxford co. At the source of
Crooked River, which empties into Sebago Lake.
17 miles W. by N. from Paris, and 58 W. from
Augusta.

Albany, N. H., Carroll co. Swift River and
34

several small streams pass through this place
There are a number of hills and mountains ; the
highest, Chocorua, is visible from a great extent
of country. The soil is fertile. 64 miles N. by
E. from Concord, and 67 N. by N. W. from
Dover.

Albany County, N. Y., c. h. at Albany. On the
W. branch of the Hudson at the head of naviga-
tion. Uneven, and in the S. W. part hilly and
mountainous. On the river the soil is gooff but
in the interior sandy and unproductive, fts N.
E. corner is traversed by the Erie and Champlain
canals and by the Albany and Schenectady, and
Troy and Schenectady Railroads.

Albany, N. Y. City, capital of the state, and the
seat of justice of the county of the same name.
Situated on the W. bank of the Hudson River,
145 miles N. from New York. It is connected
with New York, Boston, and Buffalo, by continu-
ous lines of railroad, and by railroad and steam
navigation with Montreal. The population in
1830 was 24,238; 1840, 33,721; 1850, 50,763.
Albany was settled by the Dutch in 1623., who
built a fort there, and called the place Fort Or-
ange. This settlement was afterwards called
Beav.er Wyck, and then Williamstadt. On the
capture of New York by the English in 1664,
Albany received its present name, in honor of
James, Duke of York and Albany, afterwards
James II., in whose reign the original city char-
ter was granted by Governor Dougan, July 22,
1686. The charter has been materially altered
by recent acts of the legislature. The city is di-
vided into ten wards; it has a commanding situ-
ation, and when viewed from the water appears
to great .advantage. On the margin of the river
is a flat, alluvial tract, extending from 15 to 100
yards back, from which the ground rises abruptly,
and in the course of a mile attains an elevation
of 220 feet, beyond which it is level. The view
from the highest parts of the city is extensive
and picturesque. To the N. are seen the city of
Troy and the adjacent villages, and in the dis-
tance the hills of Vermont; to the E. the beauti-
ful country lying on the opposite side of the Hud-
son ; and to the S. the Helderbergs and Catskill
Mountains. Originally the city was not laid out
with much regularity, and some of the streets
are narrow; but those in the newer and more
elevated parts of the city are wide and regular.
State Street, the principal street in the early
times, as from its relative situation it still must
be, running W. from the river, and intersecting
many of the streets, is from 150 to 170 feet wide.
It has a steep ascent, at the head of which is the
Capitol, on the opposite side of the public square.
This square is formed by the Capitol and Acade-
my Parks, which are enclosed by substantial
iron fences, with a street running between them,
and laid out with walks and ornamental trees.
Fronting upon this square is the Capitol, occu-
pied by the legislature, the state courts, and an
extensive and valuable library, which is a fine
edifice 115 feet long by 96 broad, of two stories,
upon abasement of 10 feet elevation, having a
portico of the Ionic order, with columns 3 feet
8 inches in diameter, and 33 feet high. It is
built of the Nyack freestone, and cost about
$125,000. The Albany Academy is built of the
same material, and fronts on the square north of
the State House ; cost, $100,000. It is furnished
with able instructors, and has about 300 pupils.
On the opposite side of the square, fronting W.