Londonderry. — a maritime co., Ulster province;
bounded N. by Lough Foyle and the Atlantic Ocean,
E. by co. Antrim and Lough Neagh, S. by co. Tyrone,
and W. by co. Donegal; greatest length, N. and S.,
40 miles; greatest breadth, E. and W., 35 miles;
average breadth, 20 miles; coast-line, about 30 miles;
area, 522,315 ac. (9480 water), or 2'5 per cent, of the
total area of Ireland; pop. 164,991, of whom 44’4 per
cent, are Roman Catholics, 19 'I Protestant Episco-
palians, 33'2 Presbyterians, and 0’9 Methodists. The
surface is low along the N. and E. for a width of about
6 miles, hilly in the middle, and mountainous in the

S., where the highest summit, Sawel, rises to an alt.
of 2236 ft. The rivers from W. to E. are — Foyle,
Faughan, Glen, Roe, Claudy, Moyola, and Bann, the
last tracing nearly the whole of the E. boundary. The
soil is for the most part fertile ; the sub-strata consist
of mica-slate, basalt, limestone, and sandstone. The
chief crops are flax, oats, barley, and potatoes. (For
agricultural statistics, see Appendix.) The staple mfr.
is linen. The fisheries on the coast and inland are
important. About three-fourths of the whole county
are owned by the Irish Society and the Twelve Trades’
Companies of the City of London. The co. comprises
6 bars.—Coleraine, Keenaght, Loughinsholin, North-
East Liberties of Coleraine, North-AVest Liberties of
Londonderry, and Tirkeeran; 43 pars.; the pari, and
mun. bor. of Londonderry (1 member), and the towns
of Coleraine and Limavady. For parliamentary pur-
poses the co. is divided into 2 divisions—viz., North
Derry and South Derry—each returning 1 member.—

2. Londonderry (or Derry), city, seaport, and pari,
bor., Clondermot and Templemore pars., NAA⁷". co.
Londonderry, on AV. side of river Foyle, 163 miles NAV.
of Dublin and 95 miles NW. of Belfast by rail, 2164
ac., pop. 29,162 ; 3 Banks, 3 newspapers. Market-days,
Wednesday and Saturday. The city is situated on a
hill (120 ft. high), called the “Island of Derry ” (being
nearly insulated by the winding of the river Foyle),
and 5 miles above the point where the river expands
into Lough Foyle. The suburb called AVaterside stands
on the opposite bank of the river, which is spanned by
a beautiful iron bridge, 1200 ft. in length. The ancient
walls of Londonderry still remain, and encompass the
city for nearly a mile. A quadrangular area, called the
Diamond, is situated in the centre of the city, from
which 4 of the principal streets branch off and lead to
the original gates. There are many fine public build-
ings, and the streets have a good appearance. The
Magee Protestant College is 1 mile from the city; the
Ebrington military barracks are at Clooney, Waterside.
The trade of Londonderry is extensive and important,
but tbe linen mfr. has declined since 1822. There are
extensive shirt factories, 2 distilleries, several tanneries,
iron foundries, corn and saw mills, and tobacco manu-
factories. Shipbuilding is carried on. The coasting
trade of the port is very extensive. (For shipping
statistics, see Appendix.) Butter, pork, eggs, cattle,
and grain are shipped in large quantities to Glasgow,
Liverpool, &c. Coal, timber, and foreign produce are
largely imported. The steamers of the Allan and
Anchor line call weekly at Moville, near the entrance
of Lough Foyle, to receive mails, passengers, and goods
for America, and also on the return voyage. The
greatest depth of the Foyle is about 31 ft., and the
depth at the quay is about 14 ft. at low water. The
salmon fishery is considerable. The city, which arose
from an abbey founded by St Columb about 546, was
originally and is still popularly called Derry; it acquired
the prefix London in 1613 when it received a charter of
incorporation from James I. It has sustained several
sieges, the severest being that of 1688-89, which lasted
105 days. This celebrated siege is commemorated by
a monument erected in the city to the Rev. George
Walker, who directed its affairs at that time. The
diocese of Derry includes cos. Londonderry and Tyrone,
together with parts of cos. Antrim and Donegal. The
bor. returns 1 member to Parliament.

Londonderry, Yortli-West Liberties of, the div.
of co. Londonderry AV. of river Foyle, 12,772 ac., pop.
27,329.

Londonthorpc, par. and vil., Lincolnshire, 3 miles
¹ NE. of Grantham, 1520 ac., pop. 183.

Gazetteer of the British Isles, Statistical and Topographical, by John Bartholomew, F.R.G.S.

Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1887. Public domain image from Gedcomindex.com