The new town of AVinchelsea was founded by Edward

I. on Iham Hill, about 3 miles NAA⁷. of the old town.
It suffered at various periods between 1359 and 1449
from attacks by the French; and the gradual with-
drawal of the sea ultimately destroyed its harbour. It
sent 2 members to Parliament from the time of Edward

III. until 1832, when it was included in the pari,
limits of Rye. AVinchelsea gives the title of earl to the
family of Finch-Hatton.

Winchendon, Nether, par. and vil., Bucks, 6 miles
W. of Aylesbury, 1554 ac., pop. 257; near the vil. is
Wlnchendon Priory, seat.

Winchendon, Upper, par. and vil., Bucks, 2 miles
NE. of Nether Winchendon, 1202 ae., pop. 188.

Winchester, pari, and mun. bor. and city, Hants,
on river Itchin, 12 miles NE. of Southampton and 66
SW. of London by rail, 1032 ac., pop. 17,780; 4 Banks,
3 newspapers. Market-day, Wednesday. AVinchester
was the Caer Gwent of the Britons, the Venta Belgarum
of the Romans, and the AVintanceaster of the Saxons,
under whom it became the capital of England; it was
frequently the meeting-place of parliaments until the
time of Henry VII., but its prosperity was greatly in-
jured, first by the removal of the Court to London, and
afterwards, on the dissolution of the monasteries, by
the demolition of many of its religious establishments.
The diocese of Winchester dates from the 7th century.
The cathedral was first completed in 648, but the present
structure, one of the largest and in the interior one of
the most magnificent in England, was built 1079-93.
Other objects of interest are St Mary’s College, a famous
public school, founded by AA⁷illiam of AA⁷ykeham in
1387 ; the hospital of St Cross, founded by Bishop de
Blois in 1132; the old castle hall, which has been
restored, and the new assize courts adjoining; and
Wren’s unfinished royal palace (1683), now used for
infantry barracks. Winchester was at one time an
important seat of the woollen trade. It was con-
stituted a guild under royal protection in the 9th cen-
tury (100 years earlier than any other on record), and
received its first regular'charter of incorporation from
Henry II. in 1184. It returns 1 member to Parliament;
it returned 2 members from Edward I. until 1885.

Winchfleld, par. and vil. with ry. sta. (for Odiham
and Hartley Row), Hants, in NE. of co.—par., 1582
ac., pop. 366; vil., 4 miles SW. of Farnborough and 9
E. of Basingstoke; P.O., T.O.; it occupies a picturesque
situation in a richly wooded part of the country, and
has a quaint and interesting old church. Winchfleld
House, seat, is in vicinity.

Winchmore Hill, eccl. dist. with ry. sta., Edmonton
par., Middlesex, in NE. of co., pop. 2396; the sta. is 1%
mile SW. of Enfield sta.

Wincle, township, Prestbury par., Cheshire, 5 miles
SE. of Macclesfield, 2819 ac., pop. 284.

Wincotoank, vil. with ry. sta., Ecclesfield township
and par., and eccl. dist., extending into Rotherham and
Sheffield pars., S. div. West-Riding Yorkshire—dist.,
pop. 3080; vil., 5% miles S. of Sheffield; P.O.; on
WIncobank Hill is an ancient camp.

Wincombe Park, seat, Wilts, in SW. of co., near
Shaftesbury.

Wind Fell, mountain, Eskdalemuir par., Dumfries-
shire, at border of Selkirkshire, 7 miles E. of Moffat,
alt. 2180 ft.

Windcliff, The, wooded precipice, on the AVye,
Monmouthshire, 2% miles N. of Chepstow; the view
from its summit is magnificent and extensive, taking
in great stretches of country on all sides.

Winder, hamlet with ry. sta., Lamplugh par., Cum-
berland, 5 miles E. of Whitehaven.

Winder, Low, township, Barton par., Westmor-
land, in N. of co., 4 m. SAV. of Penrith, 301 ac., pop. 20.

Windermere.—(or Winandermere), AVestmorland
and Lancashire; is 10% miles long N. and S., 1 mile
broad, 240 ft. deep, and 134 ft. above sea-level; re-
ceives the Troutlebeck, and the Rothay and Brathay,
and gives off the Leven, which flows to Morecambe
Bay ; its surface is diversified by numerous small
islands. It is the largest sheet of fresh water in Eng-
land, and on this account, as well as from the beauty
of its scenery, it is often styled the Queen of the
Lakes. Steamers ply from Ambleside at the head to

Gazetteer of the British Isles, Statistical and Topographical, by John Bartholomew, F.R.G.S.

Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1887. Public domain image from Gedcomindex.com