Yorkshire, on river Humber, 6 miles SE. of Howden,
1265 ac., pop. 108 ; contains Yokelieet Hall, seat.

Yoker, vil. withry. sta., Renfrewpar., Renfrewshire,
and Old Kilpatrick par., Dumbartonshire, on river
Clyde, 1 mile N. of Renfrew, pop. 1256 ; P.O., T.o. ; has
an extensive shipbuilding yard and a large distillery.

Yordas Cave, on SAV. side of Whernside, N. div.
AYest-Riding Yorkshire, 4 miles N. of Ingleton ; has an
apartment 180 ft. long and 60 high, adorned with
stalactites and stalagmites, beyond which is a circular
apartment with a small cascade.

York, parl. and mun. bor., archiepiscopal city,
county town of Yorkshire, and county in itself, 188
miles NAY. of London by rail—parl. bor., pop. 61,166 ;
mun. bor., pop. 60,683; 5 Banks, 5 newspapers.
Market-days, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The
city of York is pleasantly situated in a wide and fertile
vale, at a point where the 3 Ridings meet, and where
the Foss joins the Ouse, which is here navigable. The
ancient part of the city is enclosed by walls, and en-
tered by 4 principal gates. The walls, originally
Roman, but restored by Edward I., are still for the
most part in good preservation, and have been con-
verted into promenades. The chief architectural
feature of York is the minster or cathedral, the largest
and finest ecclesiastical edifice in England. As it now
exists, it was begun in 1171 and completed in 1472. It
is cruciform in shape, with central tower and 2 western
towers. Besides the cathedral there are numerous
ancient churches and chapels, some of them worthy of
notice, as are also the Roman Catholic pro-cathedral of
St AVilfrid (1864), and the ruins of the mitred abbey of
St Mary (11th century). Among other buildings are
the castle, occupied as assize courts and county prison,
and the new station of the Great Northern Ry. (1877),
one of the finest in the kingdom. York is an important
railway centre. There are large cavalry barracks near
Fulford, and York has beenmade the centre of the north-
ern military district. The only public recreation ground
is the common of Knavesmire, where the races are held.
The trade of York is now mostly local, and the in-
dustries are not important, but they include to some
extent iron-castings, bottles, combs, gloves, leather,
and confectionery. York was the capital of the
Brigantes, and then called Caer Effroc; the capital of
Roman Britain, and then called Eboracum; and the
capital of Northumbria, and then called Eoforwic. In
624 Edwin, king of Northumbria, made it an archiepis-
copal see. In the 8th century it was famous for its
diocesan school, and it continued to make a distin-
guished figure in English history until the Civil AYar,
when it was taken by the Parliamentarians after a
siege of 13 weeks. Its decline commenced with the
AVars of the Roses and the Pilgrimage of Grace, but it
still ranks second among English cities, and gives its
chief magistrate the title of Lord Mayor. Its first
charter of incorporation was granted by Henry I., and
the last important event in its municipal history is the
extension of the city boundaries by an Act obtained in

1884. It has sent 2 members to Parliament since
Henry III. ; its parliamentary limits were extended in

1885, so as to include so much of the mun. bor. as was
not included in the parl. bor.

Yorkshire, maritime county of England; bounded
N. by Durham and the Tees, NE. and E. by the North
Sea, S. by the Humber and Lincolnshire, Notts, and
Derbyshire, SAY. by Cheshire, AY. by Lancashire, and
NW. by AYestmorland; length, E. and AY., 96 miles;
breadth, 80 miles; area, 3,882,851 ac., pop. 2,886,564.
Yorkshire is the first county of England in point of
size, and the third in point of population. From the
mouth of the Tees to Flamborough Head the coast is
bold and rocky; from Flamborough Head to Spurn
Head it lies low. The interior presents the appearance
of a great central valley stretching SE. to the Humber,
and flanked on either side by heights—on the E. by the
Cleveland Hills and the AYolds, and on the AY. by the
Pennine chain. The Humber receives almost all the
drainage of the county by the Ouse, with its tributaries
the Swale, Ure, Derwent, AYharfe, Aire, and Don. A
small part of the west is drained by the Ribble, of the
north by the Tees, and of the east by the North Sea. The
general geological formation is limestone and coal in

Gazetteer of the British Isles, Statistical and Topographical, by John Bartholomew, F.R.G.S.

Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1887. Public domain image from Gedcomindex.com

1

Ynys is Welsh, and signifies “ an island.”