the west, succeeded towards the east by lias, oolite, and
chalk. Yorkshire takes high rank as an agricultural,
manufacturing, and mining county. (For agricultural
statistics, see Appendix.) It is well supplied with every
means of communication. It has from an early period
been divided into 3 Ridings—viz., East, North, and
West, besides the Ainsty or Liberty of the city of
York. Each Riding has a lord-lieutenant and a sepa¬
rate court of quarter sessions and a commission of the
peace, and statistically is treated as a distinct county.
It contains 26 wapentakes; 3 liberties ; 1636 pars,
with parts of 2 others; the pari, and mun. bors. of
Bradford (3 members), Dewsbury (1 member), Halifax
(2 members), Huddersfield (1 member), Kingston upon
Hull (3 members), Leeds (5 members), Middlesbrough
1 member), Pontefract (1 member), Scarborough (1
member), Sheffield (5 members), Wakefield (1 member),
and York (2 members); and the mun. bors. of Barnsley,
Batley, Beverley, Doncaster, Hedon, Morley, Rich¬
mond, Ripon, and Rotberham. It is in the dioceses of
York, Ripon, and Manchester. For parliamentary pur¬
poses it is divided into 26 divisions—viz. (East-Riding),
Holderness, Buckrose, and Howdenshire; (North-
Riding), Thirsk and Malton, Richmond, Cleveland, and
Wliitby; (N. div. AVest-Riding), Skipton, Keighley,
Shipley, Sowerby, and Elland ; (E. div. West-Riding),
Ripon, Otley, Barkston Ash, Osgoldcross, Pudsey, and
Spen Valley; (S. div. AYest-Riding), Batley, Norman-
ton, Colne Valley, Holmfirth, Barnsley, Hallamshire,
Rotherham, and Doncaster—1 member for each divi¬
sion. The representation of Yorkshire was increased
from 10 to 26 members in 1885.

Yorkshire, East-Riding, in the SE. of the county ;
is separated from the North-Riding by the Derwent,
and from the West-Riding by the Ouse; on the E. it is
bounded by the North Sea, and on the S. by the
Humber; area, 750,828 ac., pop. 315,460. The principal
industries are the agricultural. Fine crops of wheat,
beans, and hay are grown on the level tracts of Holder¬
ness and the banks of the Humber, and of barley and
turnips on the AYolds, where the soil is a light, friable,
calcareous loam. (For agricultural statistics, see
Appendix.) Industries other than agricultural are
carried on principally at Beverley and Hull, the latter
of which is a great seaport. The East-Riding comprises
6 wapentakes; 352 pars, with part of another; the
pari, and mun. bor. of Kingston upon Hull (3 mem¬
bers) ; and the mun. bors. of Beverley and Hedon. It is
entirely in the diocese of York. For parliamentary
purposes it is divided into 3 divisions—viz., Holder¬
ness, Buckrose, and Howdenshire, each division re¬
turning 1 member; the representation of the East-
Riding was increased from 2 to 3 members in 1885.

Yorkshire, North-Riding, occupies the N. of the
county, between the East-Riding and the coupty of
Durham, and is separated from the West-Riding by
the Ouse, the valley of the Ure, and the hills above
AVharfedale; area, 1,361,664 ac., pop. 346,260. The
principal rivers are the Derwent, which separates the
North-Riding from the East-Riding, with its tributary the
Rye ; the Tees, which separates the North-Riding from
Durham; and the Swale and the Ure, which unite to
form the Ouse. The Yale of York, along the rivers
Swale and Ouse, divides the eastern moorlands from
the western. In the western moorlands the picturesque
dells are mostly in pasture. The eastern moorlands
contain several beautiful dales, including the Yale
of Cleveland and the fertile Yale of the Rye. The
best land is found in the Yale of York. (For agricul¬
tural statistics, see Appendix.) The mountain lime¬
stone yields valuable lead deposits, and alum and jet are
obtained at Whitby. Valuable beds of ironstone exist
in the Cleveland Hills, and iron smelting and other
allied industries are carried on on a vast scale at
Middlesbrough, which is also a considerable seaport.
Scarborough is one of the great watering-places, and
AVhitby is specially known for its mfr. of jet orna¬
ments. The North-Riding comprises 11 wapentakes; 2
liberties; 554 pars, and parts of 5 others; the pari,
and mun. bors. of York (2 members), Middlesbrough (1
member), and Scarborough (1 member); and the mun.
bor. of Richmond. It is almost entirely in the dioceses
of York and Ripon. For parliamentary purposes it is
divided into 4 divisions—viz., Thirsk and Malton,
Richmond, Cleveland, and Whitby, each division re¬
turning 1 member; the representation of the North-
Riding was increased from 2 to 4 members in 1885.