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of its quadrilateral figure will not average more
than about 125, and as such give a superficial ex-
tent of 15.625 sq. m.
Since 1751 it lias been divided into the 12 fol-
lowing circles, named after 12 of the principal
towns, (exclusive of Prague, the metropolis of the
whole territory, which has a separate jurisdiction :)
viz. Leutmeritz, Bunzlau, Konigingratz, Chrudim
Tchaslau, Bechin, Prachin. Bohemia is consider-
ed the most elevated part of Europe, no rivers
running into it. The Spree, the Neisse, and the
Bober, running north through Lusatia and Silesia,
have their sourcexc2xbbon the frontiers of the ciicles of
Bunzlau and Konigingratz, and the Elbe has its
source in the latter circle near the frontier of
Silesia, running south into the circle of Chrudim,
and then takes a north-west course, bounding the
circle of Buntzlau on the south, intersectingLeut-
meritz towards Dresden in Saxony. The Mol-
dau rises near the frontier of Austria at the south
extremity of the circle of Bechin, and runs near-
ly due north past Prague, into the Elbe at Melnik
in Buntzlau. Several streams have their sources
in the circle of Pilsen, which unite near the town
of that name, and there form the Beraun, which
runs into the Moldau a little below Prague. The
Eger intersects the circle of Saaz from south-west
to north-east, falling into the Elbe a little below
the town of Leutmeritz. These rivers, with their
several tributary streams, contribute alike to the
diversity and fertility of the country. There are
also several small lakes in the south part of the
circle of Bechin. The frontiers on all sides, ex-
cept on .that of Moravia, are mountainous and
woody, whilst the whole of the interior possesses
a soil of great capability ; but as a species of feudal
tyranny pervades the whole territory, it naturally
precludes all excitement to social exertion, and
its productions are consequently confined to a
bare means of subsistence. It grows a considera-
ble quantity of flax, which, as well as their wool,
is manufactured into linens and cloths, for domes-
tic use, and some on the side of Lusatia and Silesia
for exportation. Almost every kind of mineral is
found in one part of the country, or the other, and
having but little external intercourse, every branch
of manufacture is carried on as domestic occupa-
tions for internal supply. It has several mineral
springs, but it is deficient in the essential article
of salt, part of the supply being obtained from
external sources.
On the subjugation of Bohemia by Austria, the
ancient form of government was retained, but it
was merely the form : and absolute and despotic
dictation nullified whatever was calculated to jus-
tify or vindicate the rights of man, and the con-
duct of blind, passive obedience, may now be con-
sidered as firmly established in Bohemia, as in
any part of Europe, or the world. The establish-
ed religion of Bohemia is the Roman Catholic,
and before the year 1731 the Protestants were not
permitted the free exercise of their worship: at
present all religious creeds are tolerated. Out of
a. population of about 3,000,000, the dissentients
from Catholicism do not exceed 100,000, about
half of whom are Jews. In time of peace, about
50,000 men are maintained in arms, to support
whom, and other state pretensions, exactions,
equal to about 9,9-D.flOO American dollars, are im-
posed on the productive labours of the people.
The original language of Bohemia seems to have
been Sclavonic, a dialect of which is still common
in the country ; but the German or high Dutch is
spoken with considerable purity.
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Bohmcncald, a dense mountain forest, forming
the south-west boundary of Bohemia. The term
implies Bohemian Forest, Baum in German signi-
fying wood; Bohm is probably a corruption of
that term in Bohemia, and may have given name
to the country, signifying a winody country, and
the two following places as situated in woods.
Bohrnisch Aiche, a towin of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Bunzlau, 20 m. N. of Jung Bunzlau.
Bohrnisch Brod, a towin of Bohemia, in the cir-
cle of Kaurzim, 14 m. E. S. E. of Prague.
Bohol, one of the Philippine islands, to the
north of Mindanao. Long. 124. 5. E. lat. 10. 0.
N.
Bohol, or Bool, a towin at the month of a river
of the same name, falling into the Sooloo Sea, on
the north coast of the isle of Celebes.
Bohus, or Bahus, a small district of West Goth--
land, Sweden, bordering on the Cattegat, north
of Gottenburg. Stromstadt, on the coast, in lat.
53. 5G. N. and 11. 15. E. long, is the principal
towin.
Bojador, a cape on the west coast of Africa,
doubled by the Portuguese in 1433. Long. 14.
27. W. lat. 20. 12. N.
Boiano, a town of Naples, in the Molise, at the
foot of the Apennines, on the east, near the river
Tilerno In 1808 it suffered greatly by an earth-
quake, and most of the inhabitants were destroy-
ed. It is 45 in. N. N. E. of Naples.
Bois Blanc, an island in Michigan Teritory, in
Detroit river, opposite Amherstburg.
Bois le Due, a fortified city of Dutch Brabant,
capital of a district of the same name, which con
tains also the towins of Helmont, and Eyndhoven
It has a castle named Papen-briel, and a little to
the south are two forts, called Isabella and St.
Antony. It wins taken by the French in 1894.
It is situate among morasses, on the river Dom-
mel, where it receives the Aa. 22 in. E. by N. of
Breda, and 45 S. S. E. of Amsterdam. Pop.
about 13,000.
Boiscommun, a town of France, in the depart-
ment of Loiret, 25 m. N. E. of Orleans.
BoitztnJhtirg, a towin of Lower Saxony, in Meck-
lenburg, at the confluence of the Boitze with the
Elbe, 30 m. S. W. of Schwerin.
Boitzcrtlmrg, a towin of Brandenburg, in the
Ucker Mark, 10 m. W. of Prenslow.
Bokhara, a city of Usbec Tartar}7, in Bokharia.
It stands on a rising ground, surrounded by a
slender winll of earth, and a dry ditch, on the
south side of the river Sogd. The houses are
low, and mostly built of mud; but the caravan-
seras and mosques, which are numerous, are all
of brick. The bazars, or market-places, have
been stately buildings, but the greatest part of
them are now in ruins. Here is also a stately
building for the education of the priests. Great
numbers of Jews and Arabians frequent this
place; and the trade w7ith Russia and Persia is
considerable. In 1220, Bokhara wins taken by
Jenghis Khan, with a numerous army, who burnt
the city, asd demolished the castle; but after the
city had remained in ruins some years, he at
length ordered it to be rebuilt. It is 138 m. W.
by S. of Samarcand. Long. G2. 56. E. lat. 39. 4.
N.
Bokharia, or Bucharia, a country of Usbec Tar-
tary, bounded on the north by Turkestan, east by
Cashgar, south by Hindoostan and Persia, and
wrest by Chorasan and Charism. It is fertile in
corn and fruit, and the best cultivated of any part
of Tartary. This country comprehends the ancient |
