Brahestad, one of the five principal towns of
the Russian province of East Bothnia, situate on
the east coast of the gulf of Bothnia, about 30
m. S. S. W. of Uleaborg, in-lat. 64. 40. N. and

24. 30. E. long.

Braila, Brakiloic, or Ibraila, a fortified town of
European Turkey, situate on the north bank of
the Danube, at the east extremity of the province
of Wallachia, a few miles south of Galatz, and
about 320 N. by W. of Constantinople.

Bruiloic, or Brahqlow, a town of Poland, in Po-
dolia, on the river Bog, 30 m. N. AV. of Braclaw,

Braincrd, a missionary station in Tennessee,
on the Tennessee river, about 140 m. S. AV.
Knoxville.

Brain le Comte, a town of the Netherlands,
in Hainault, 15 m. S. S. AV. of Brussels. Pop.

> about 3,000.

xc2xbb    Braintree,    a town in Essex, Eng.    It    has a

xc2xbb    considerable    manufacture of baize, and    is    joined

on the north by the extensi ve village of    Bocking.

It is seated on the river Blackwater, 11 m. N. by
E of Chelmsford, and 40 m. N. E. of London. Pop.
2,983.

Braintree, p.t. Orange Co. Vt. Pop. 1,209.

Braintree, p.t. Norfolk Co. Mass. 8 m S. by E.
of Boston. Pop. 1,752. It was the birth place of
John Adams second, and father of the sixth
president of the United States.

Braintrem, p.t. Luzerne Co. Pa. on the Sus-
quehannah.

Brakel, a town of Westphalia, in the principal-
ity of Paderborn, on the rivulet Brught, 16 m. E.
of Paderborn.

Bralio, a mountain of the Alps, in the country*
of the Grisons, which separates the valley of
Munster from the county of Bormio. It is sup-
posed to be the same which Tacitus mentions
under the name of Juga Rhaetica.

Bramant, a town of Savoy, on the river Arc,
20 m. E. S. E. of St. Jean de Maurienne.

Bramber, a borough in Sussex, Eng. It is
seated on the Adur, immediately contiguous to
Steyning, 51 m. S. by AV. of London. Each place
returns two members to parliament. Pop. of
Bramber 98 and of Steyning-, 1,324.

Brampton, a town in Cumberland, Eng. On
the top of a high hill is a fortiSed trench, called
the Mote. It is seated on the river Irthing, 9
m. E. N. E. of Carlisle, and 311 N. N. W. of
London. Pop. in 1821,2,921.

Brampton, is the name of twelve other towns
and villages; and Bram, derived from a Saxon
word implying a bushy country, precedes the
termination of the names of upwards of twenty
other towns and villages in different parts of
England, all inconsiderable.

Bramstedt, a town of Lower Saxony, in Hol-
stein, near which is a medicinal spring. It is
seated on the Bram, 21 m. N. of Hamburg.

Branaw, or Braunau, a town of Bohemia, on
the confines of Silesia, with a manufacture of
coloured cloth, 11 m. N. AV. of Glatz.

Branculeone, a town of Naples, in Calabria
Ulteriore, 9 m. S. E. of Bova, at the south ex-
tremity of the peninsula.

Brancaster, a village in Norfolk, Eng. 4 m. W.
by N. of Burnham. It was the ancient Brano-
dunum, a considerable Roman city, and has now
a considerable trade in malt.

Branchtown, p.v. Philadelphia Co. Pa.

Branchville, p.v. Sussex Co. N. J. 78 m. N.
Trenton.

Brandeis, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of

Kaurzim, on the south bank of the river Elbe, 10
N. E. of Prague.

Brandenburg, electoral marquisate of, an inte
rior and irregularly shaped territory of Europe
in the circle of Upper Saxony, lying between the
lats. of 51. 45. and 54. N. and 11. and 16. of E.
long. It is separated from the Baltic, on the
north, by Mecklenburg and Pomerania; hounded
on the east by Prussian Poland, and on the south
by* the duchy of Saxony and principality of An-
halt, and on the west by Magdeburg. Its area
may* be estimated at about 12,000 square miles.
From the tenth to the fifteenth century this
territory passed under various governments sub-
ject to Poland, when, in 1417, it was vest-
ed in perpetuity, by the emperor Sigismund,
with consent of the Germanic confederacy, to
Frederic VI. of Nuremberg, and his descendants ;
a succeeding margrave having been acknowledg-
ed sovereign of the then duchy of Prussia which
in 1701 was converted into a kingdom. The
seat of government was transferred from Konigs-
berg, in Prussia, to Berlin in Bradenburg, which
has thereby become the chief part of the Prus-
sian dominions. It is divided into the five fol-
lowing parts : viz. the Old Mark, west; Prignitz,
north-west; Middle Mark, south; Ucker Mark,
north ; and the New Mark, on the east. It is in
part a sandy and sterile district; but having the
advantage of several navigable rivers, and by the
aid of culture, it is rendered tolerably productive
in all that is necessary for subsistence and com-
fort. The bigoted edict of Nantes, which in
1685 drove thousands of the most industrious
and intelligent of the manufacturing population
of France from their homes, led a number of
them to settle in this part of Europe, where they
introduced their respective occupations in the
manufacture of silk and worsted stuffs, which
now contributes essentially to the reciprocal bene
fit of the various classes of the country. The
principal rivers are, 1st, the. Oder, which enters
the New Mark from the south, runs north, past
Frankfort, Kustrin, and Schwedt, through Pom-
erania, into the Baltic; 2nd, the Netze, enters the
New Mark from the east, and falls into the Oder
at Kustrin; 3rd, the Spree, enters the Middle
Mark from the south, runs west by north, falling
into the Havel west of Berlin; 4th, the Havel,
rises near the south confines of the Ucker Mark,
runs south to Potsdam, when it makes a circui-
tous course west, to the town of Brandenburg, then
north to llavelberg, where it falls into the Elbe ;
5th, the Elbe, from the south-east, divides the Old
Mark from the Prignitz; the Havel is also united
with the Elbe by a canal across the principality of
Magdeburg from Brandenburg past Gentin ; and
with the Oder by another canal from Liebenwalde,
past Neustadt, to Oderberg; the Spree is also
united with the Oder by a canal from the south-
east extremity of the Middle Mark to the point
where the Oder enters the New Mark from
Lusatia. The population of this part of the
Prussian dominions amounts to about 1,250,000,
who contribute a money tax equal to about 4,500,
000 dollars per. annum. The inhabitants are
mostly dissenters from the church of Rome, in-
dulging in the peculiar tenets of Luther, who
promulgated his doctrines at Wittemberg; and
some of Calvin ; but the state makes no distinc-
tion ; religious profession be it what it may, being
no obstacle to civil service. The following is a
statement of the principal towns in each of the
five divisions ; viz. Prignitz, Wittemberg, Put