litz, Perleberg; Old Mark, Werben, Osterberg,
Kalbe; Middle do. Brandenburg, Potsdam, Ber-
lin; ticker do. Prenzlo, Boytzenburg, Anger-
munde ; New do. Fulkenburgh, Arenswald, Kus-
trin.

Brandenburg, the city which gives name to
the preceding territory, is divided into two parts,
old and new: the former on the north bank of
the river Havel, and the latter on the south. It
is a place of considerable antiquity, supposed to
have been first founded by the Sclavonians, and
fortified in the early part of the tenth century, as
a barrier against the incursions of the Huns. It
has various manufactures. Pop. about 13,000. It
is about 30 miles S. of Havelsberg, and about the
same distance W. of Berlin. There are two other
towns named Brandenburg; one in Mecklenburg-
Strelitz, surrounded by walls. The streets are
wide and straight, the church of St. Mary is a
large structure, and the townhouse is worthy of
notice. It is situate on the Tollensee, 72 m. N.
of Berlin : and the other in East Prussia, with an
ancient castle, at the south end of the Frische
Haff, 13 m. S. W. of Konigsberg.

Brandon, a town in Suffolk, Eng. It stands
on the Little Ouse, over which is a bridge, and a
ferry a mile below for conveying goods to and
from the isle of Ely. It has a great trade in corn,
malt, coal, timber, &c. and in the vicinity are ex-
tensive rahbit warrens. It is 15 m. N. by W. of
Bury, and 78 X. X. E. of London. Pop. in 1821,
1,770.

Brandon, p.t. Rntiand Co. Vt. Pop. 1.940.

Brandywine, a river of Chester county, in the
south east part of Pennsylvania, which falls into
the Delaware a little below Wilmington. It is

distinguished in American history far a defeat
sustained by the revolutionary army, on the 11th
of September, 1777.

Brandywine, towns in Chester Co. Pa. and
Newcastle Co. Del.

Branford, ph. New Haven Co. Con. Pop.
2,333.

Braslaw, or Breslau, a city of Lithuania, in
the palatinate of Wilna, on the north side of a
lake which communicates with the Dwina, 76 m.
N. N. E. of Wilna.

Brassa, or Bressay, one ofthe Shetland islands.
Between this and the principal island, called
Mainland, is the noted Brassa Sound, where 1,000
sail of vessels may at once find commodious
mooring.

Brassaw, or Cronstadt, a strong town in the
south east part of Transylvania, on the river
Burezel, 50 m. E. by N. of Hermanstadt.

Brattleboro, ph. Windham Co. Vt. on the Con-
neticut. Pop. 2,141.

BrattonviUe, p.v. Prince William Co. Va

Brara, a republic on the southern extremity of
the kingdom of Magadoxa, and the only one in
Africa. It was founded by seven Arabian breth-
ren, who fled hither from the tyranny of Lacah,
a petty monarch of Arabia, Finding a most de-
lightful situation between two rivers, near their
confluence into the Indian Ocean, they built the
city of Brava, which is now large and populous,
and the greatest mart on all the coast. Its mer-
chants are rich, carrying on an extensive trade in
gold, silver, elephants' teeth, ambergris, silk, cot-
ton, and other stuffs. The republic is under the
protection of the king of Portugal, for which they
pay a tribute of about xc2xa320 annually. The city of
Brava lies in long. 43. 25. E. lat. 1. 20. N.

Brava, one of the Cape Verd islands, 12 miles
16

W. S. W. of Fuego, and inhabited by the Portu
guese. The land is high and mountainous, but
fertile; and horses, beeves,'asses, and hogs are
numerous. It has three harbours, but Porto Fer
reo on the south side is the best for large ships
Long. 24. 39. W. lat. 14. 52. N.

Bvaubach, a town of Germany, in the Wester-
wald, with a castle, seated on the Rhine, 8 m. S.
of Coblentz.

Braunau, a fortified town of Bavaria, formerly
the residence of the elector. In 1742 it was taken
by the Austrians; and, in 1777, by the peace of
Teschen the town and its district were ceded to
Austria. In 1805 it was captured by the French
and Bavarians. It is seated on the east bank of
the river Inn, on the frontier of Upper Austria,
28 m. S. W. of Passau, to which country it now
belongs.

Braunau, a town on the eastern frontier of the
circle of Koningsgratz, bordering on Silesia. It
is a manufacturing town, and has a rich Benedic-
tine abbey.

Braunfels, capital of the county of Solms. Here
is a magnificent palace, the seat of the prince of
Solms-Braunfels; and near it is the decayed cas-
tle of Solms. It is seated near the Lahn, 10 m.
W. by S. of Wetzlar. Long. 8. 28. E. lat. 50. 30.
N.

Braunsburg, a town of west Prussia, in Erme-
land. It has an academy for catholics, establish-
ed in 1783; and is seated on the Passarge, near
its entrance into the Frische Haff It exports
great quantities of linen yarn to England, 18 m.
N. E. of Elbing. Long. 19. 58. E. lat. 54. 30. N

Braunston, a village in Northamptonshire, Eng.
four miles N. W. of Daventry, and 72 from Lon-
don, on the confines of Warwickshire. Here
commences the Grand Junction canal, under a
tunnel three-fourths of a mile in length, to the
Thames, which, with the Oxford and Coventry
canals, render it tlfe central place of inland navi-
gation. Pop. 1,238.

Bray, a town of Ireland, in the county of Wick-
low, seated on the river Bray, near St. George’s
channel, 10 m. S. of Dublin. Pop. in 1821, 2,481.

Bray, a village in Berkshire, Eng.* one mile
south of Maidenhead. It is famous* in song for
its vicar, who was twice a papist and twice a pro-
testant, in four successive reigns, and when taxed
with being a turncoat, said, he always kept to his
principle, xe2x80x98 to live and die vicar of Bray.’ Pop.
in 1821, 3,159.

Brazil, a vast territory of South America, tying
between the lat. of 4. N. and 34. S. and 35. and

72. of W. long, but being triangular in form, con-
verging into a point southerly, its area will not
exceea 2,000,000 of square miles, though estima-
ted by some writers as exceeding 3,000,000. The
first discovery of Brazil has been claimed for a
Martin Behem, who is said to have visited it in
1487, but the credit of making it known to Euro-
peans is assigned to the Portuguese admiral, Pedro
Alvarez Cabral, who sailed from Lisbon on the
9th of March, 1500, with a squadron of thirteen
sail, destined for the East Indies; when stretch-
ing more than usual to the westward to avoid the
calms on the coast of Africa, he accidentally dis-
covered this fine territory in the lat. of 16. south,
on the 24th of April; and having communicated
with the natives, who manifested a social disposi-
tion, anchored his squadron in the Bay of Porto
Seguro, and on the following day landed and
planted the cross, and took possession of the ter
ritory in the name of Emanuel, king of Portugal