city, notwithstanding its great distance; and mor-
tars for this purpose were cast at Seville. Some
shells and grenades were thrown; but as the hou-
ses of Cadiz were.strongly built of stone, no con-
flagration ensued, and the damage done was but
inconsiderable. The possession of the isle of
Leon was the object for which the most strenuous
preparations were made on both sides, as it must
have decided the fate of the city. These were
continued until the autumn of 1812, when the
victorious progress of Lord Wellington in the
centre of Spain compelled the French to depart
from Andalusia, and abandon a siege which had
been continued and resisted with extraordinary
vigour and pertinacity. Few subsequent events
occurred here of much importance. In 1820,
Riego commenced the ill-starred military revolu-
tion on the isle of Leon. In 1823, during a short
blockade, the French, under the duke d’Angou-
lerae, carried the Trocadero. Since the return of
Ferdinand VII. to absolute power, the trade of
Cadiz has been on the decline ; and, .perhaps, the
measure best calculated for its revival, though,
unfortunately, that which he seems least willing
to adopt, would be to recognise the independence
of the South American colonies. Lat. 36. 30. N.
long. 6. 25. W. Pop. 53,000.

Cadiz, p.t. Harrison Co. Ohio, and Trigg Co.
Ken.

Cadolzbury, a town of Bavaria, circle of Rezat,
8 m. W. of Nuremberg.

Cadxne, a town of the Austrian Venetian terri-
tory, the birth-place of Titian, the painter. It is
seated on the Piave, 15 m. N. of Belluno.

Cadsand, or Cassand, an island of Holland, on
the north coast of Flanders, at the mouth of the
Scheldt. The land is fertile, and the inhabitants
make a large quantity of excellent cheese. The
chief town is Cassandria.

Caen, a city of France, capital of the depart-
ment of Calvados. It has a celebrated university,
and a castle with four towers, built by the Eng-
lish. The abbey of St. Stephen was founded by
William the Conqueror, who was buried in it.
The river Orne, which falls into the English chan-
nel, runs through the city, to which the tide
brings up large vessels. It exports large quanti-
ties of clover seed to England. It is 65 miles W.
ay S. of Rouen, and 125 W. by N. of Paris.
Long. 0. 22. W. lat. 49. 11. N. Pop. about

36,000.

Caerleon, a town of Monmouthshire, Eng.
Many Roman antiquities have been found here,
and it has the ruins of a castle. It is seated on
the Usk, 19 m. S. W. of Monmouth, and 146 W.
by N. of London. Pop. in 1821, 1,062.

Caermarthenshire, a maritime county of South
Wal^i, 48 miles long and 25 broad. It is bound-
ed on the south by the Bristol channel, on the
west by Pembrokeshire, on the north by Cardi-
ganshire ; and on the east by Brecknock and
Glamorganshire. The air is wholesome, and the
soil less rocky ajd mountainous than in most
other parts of Wales, and consequently it is pro-
portionally more fertile both in corn and pasture.
It has also plenty of wood, and is well supplied
with coal and lime-stone. The principal rivers
are the Towy, Cathy, and Tave ; of which the
first abounds with excellent salmon. It abounds
with ancient forts, camps, and tumuli. Near
Caermarthen towards the east, may be seen the
ruins of Kastelk Karry and several vast caverns
supposed to have been copper mines of the Ro-
mans. Near this spot is a fountain, which ebbs
and flows twice in 24 hours. The county and
city send each a member to parliament.

Caermarthen, a borough of Wales, capital of
Caermarthenshire. It is seated on the Towy,
over which is a stone bridge, to which vessels of
200 to 300 tons burden may come up. It was
fortified with a wall and a castle, now in ruins;
and on the east side of the town, near the river,
are the remains of a monastic building of consid-
erable extent. There are iron and tin mines in
the neighbourhood. It is 24 m. S. E. of Cardi-
gan, and 220 W. by N. of London. Pop. in 1821,
8,906.

Caernarvonshire, a county of North Wales, of
an oblong form, the south part projecting into St.
George’s Channel, the north being bounded by
the Irish sea; or what would now more properly
be called Liverpool Bay, from the celebrity of the
town of that name : the Menai Strait divides it
from the Isle of Anglesea on the north-west, and
the river Conway divides it from Denbighshire
on the east, whilst pRrt of the south-east side bor-
ders on Merionethshire. This county, being the
most rugged district of North Wales, may be truly
called the Cambrian Alps. Its central part is oc-
cupied by the famed Snowden, rising to the height
of 3,571 feet above the level of the sea, and the
prospects around are rude and savage in the high -
est degree; but not without a mixture of beauty,
when the dimensions of the vales admit the vari-
eties of wood, water, and meadows. The soil in-
the valleys on the side of St. George’s Channel is
pretty fertile, especially in barley; great num-
bers of black cattle, sheep, and goats, are fed on
the mountains; and the sea, lakes, and rivers,
abound with a variety of fish. Copper mines
have been worked in various parts of these moun-
tains, as well as lead; and quantities of stone, ex-
cellent for hones, are dug near Snowdon ; to the
dreary region of which the rich vale of Conway
below forms a pleasing contrast.

Caernarvon, a borough and seaport of Wales,
capital pf Caernarvonshire. It is seated within
the Menai strait, near its entrance into Caernar-
von bay, and carries on a considerable trade with
Ireland, and the principal English ports, to which
it exports vast quantities of slates. It has a cele-
brated castle, built by Edward I. in which his son,
Edward II. the first prince of Wales, was born.
Caernarvon is governed by the constable of the
castle, who is always mayor. Here are salt-water
baths, and elegant hot and cold baths, which are
much frequented during the season. It is 7 m
S. W. of Bangor, and 244 N. AV. of London.
Long. 4. 20. W. lat. 53. 8. N. Pop. in 1821,
5,788.

Caerphilly, atown of Wales, in Glamorganshire.
The ruins of its celebrated castle more resemble
that of a city than a single edifice; a circular
tower, about 75 feet in height, inclines 11 feet 6
inches from its base. It is seated between the
Taafe and Rumney, 7 m. N. of Cardiff, and 160
AV. of London. Pop. 899.

Caencent, a village of Monmouthshire. Eng. 4
m. S. W. of Chepstow, and about 2 m. from the
bank of the Severn. It is the Venta Silurum of
the Romans, once crowded with palaces and tem-
ples ; but now the buildings within its ruined
walls are only a church and a few scattered
houses, the rest of the area being laid out in fields
and orchards, where a tasselated pavement, and
numerous other antiquities have been discovered.
Pop. 394.

Caerwys, a town of Wales, in Flintshire, 5 m