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of Rome on the banks of the Tiber, at the north-
ern extremity of the province, Albano, Velletri
and Piperno, all on the western side, still exhib-
it marks of former greatness, whilst the ruins
of temples, baths, and 'other stately edifices, are
seen scattered in all directions. (See Rome.)
Campbell, a county in the E. District of Virgin-
ia, being nearly a square, about 14 miles each
xe2x96xa0wav, bounded on the south by the Roanoke River,
and north by James River. It is a fertile district.
Pop. 15,704. Lynchburg is the chief town.
Campbell, a county of Georgia. Pop. 3,323.
Campbellton is the capital.
Campbell, a county of East Tenessee, bounded
on the north by Harlan county, Kentucky; in-
tersected by the Cumberland ridge of the Allegha-
ny mountains, and from the north-east to the
south by Powell’s River, a branch of the Tenessee.
It contains an area of about 230 square miles,
and a population of 5,110. Jacksonborough is the
chief town.
Campbell, a county of Kentucky, containing
about 90 square miles, bounded on ihe north by
Boone county, and on the east and north by the
Ohio River, and intersected fron^ south to north
by the Licking. Pop. 9,893. Newport, on the
east bank of the Licking, at its entrance into the
Ohio, opposite to Cincinnati, 96 m. N. N. E. of
Frankfort, is the chief town.
Campbellsville, p.v. Green Co. Ken. on a branch
of Green River.
CampbeUtown, 3 villages in Steuben Co. N. Y.,
Lebanon Co. Pa. and Edgefield Dis. S. C.
Campbdton, a borough and seaport of Scotland,
in Argyleshire, situate on a bay, toward the south
extremity of the peninsula of Cantyre. It has a
considerable trade in the distillation of whiskey,
besides being the general rendezvous of the fish-
ing vessels that annually visit the western coast.
It is 65 m. S. S. W. of Inverary. Long. 5. 32. W.
lat. 55. 28. N. Pop. in 1821,6,445.
Campden, a corporate town in Gloucestershire,
Eng. 22 in. N. E. of Gloucester, and 90 W. N. AV.
of London. Pop. 1,249.
Campeachy, a town of Yucatan, on the west
coast of the bay of Campeachy, in the Gulf of
Mexico, defended by strong forts. The port is
large but shallow, and has a good dock. It is no-
ted for logwood, which, however, does not grow
very near it. It was taken by the English in 1659,
by the buccaneers in 1678; and by the freeboot-
ers of St. Domingo, in 1685, who burnt it, and
blew up the citadel. Long. 91. 30. W. lat. 19.
35. N.
Campen, a town of Holland, in Overyssel, with
a citadel, and a port almost choked up. It is
seated near the mouth of the Yssel, on the Zuy-
der Zee, 8 m. W. N. W. of Zwoll. Pop. about
6,000.
Camperdown, a seaport of Holland, about 25
miles south of Texel Island, famous for the signal
victory obtained by admiral lord viscount Duncan,
off its coast, over the Dutch fleet, on the 11th Oc-
tober, 1797.
Campo Basso, a towin of Naples, in the Molise.
In 1805, it suffered greatly by an earthquake, and
most of the inhabitants were destroyed. It has a
considerable trade in articles of cutlery, and is 12
m. S. of Molise. Pop. about 6,000.
Campo Formio. a village of Italy, in Friuli, with
an elegant castle, where a treaty of peace was
concluded between the Austrians and French, in
1797. It is 2 m. S. W. of Udina.
Campo Mayor, a fortified town of Portugal, in |
Alemtejo, on the frontier of Spain, 14 m. N. by E.
of Elvas. Pop. about 5,000.
Campo St. Pietro, a town and castle of Italy, in
the Paduano, on the river Menson, 12 m. N. of
Padua, and about the same distance N. W. of
Venice. Pop. about 3,000.
Campoli, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ulter-
iore, 23 m. N. by E. of Aquila.
Campredon, a town of Spain in Catalonia, at
the foot of the Pyrenees, and on the river Ter, 45
m. N. of Barcelona.
Campsie, a village of Scotland, on the south
confines of Stillingshire, 9 miles north of Glas-
gow. It has some extensive printfields, and oth-
er manufactures.
Campion, pA. Grafton Co. N. H. 75 m. fr. Ports-
mouth. Pop. 1,313.
Canaan, p.t. Somerset Co. Me. Pop. 1,076.
Canaan, ph. Essex Co. Vt. Pop. 373.
Canaan, ph. Grafton Co. N. H. 103 m. fr. Ports-
mouth. Pop. 1,428.
Canaan, p.t. Litchfield Co. Conn. on the Hous-
atonic. Pop. 2,301. .This town has some iron
manufactures; and near it is a fall upon the
river.
Canaan, ph. Columbia county, New York, on
the east side of Hudson River, 25 m. W. by S. of
Albany. Pop. 2,064.
Canaan. See Syria.
Canaan, New, ph. Fairfield Co. Conn. near the
the shore of L. I. Sound. Pop. 1,826. There are
3 townships called Canaan in Pa. and Ohio.
Canada, a vast territory of North America, ly-
ing between the 42d and 54th degrees of north
latitude, and the 65th and 98th of west longitude.
This country appears to have been first made
known to Europe in 1535 by Cartier, command
ing a fleet fitted out from St. Malo, under the
auspices of the French government. Three or
four attempts during the fifteen years from 1535
to 1560 were made to establish a colony upon it
but all proved unsuccessful. In 1607 the first
permanent establishment was formed by M. De
Champlain, from France, who founded the city,
of Quebec; but for more than fifty years it remain-
ed without any laws or social arrangements, the
settlers being little better than hordes of banditti,
living in constant collision with the native In-
dians, with whom the most sanguinary conflicts
frequently occurred with alternate success.
In 1663, at which period the European inhabit-
ants did not exceed 7,000, the French govern-
ment affected to extend its paternal regard to the
colony, and appropriated a train of civil officers
to organize and administer a code of law's on the
principles of those then prevailing in France.
This arrangement produced some excitement and
indications of improvement; but both were of
short duration. The collisions with the natives
were renewed, and their frequent incursions
upon the lands of the settlers which wrere often
stained with acts of cruelty, operated as a check
to all social enterprise ; so that at the end of
another half century, the number of settlers did
not exceed 20,000. During the earlier part of
the 18th century the colony made some progress to-
wards improvement; but the object of the French
government seemed to be extension of territory
rather than social arrangement, and as such, in ad-
dition to the hostilities in which it was so frequent-
ly involved with the natives, it interfered itself
also with the outposts of the English, who then
possessed the territory now forming the United
States of N. America, and on war being declared |
