heavy, but the acuteness of its sight and power
of smelling are an ample compensation ; as they
are seldom or never killed without being found
fat, there is good reason for believing that they
rarely suffer much from hunger. This animal is
surprisingly strong, and an overmatch for ai9y
quadruped near its own size indeed its sharp
claws and teeth enable it to offer a very effectual
resistance even to the bear.

Among the birds may be mentioned the wild
pigeon, spotted grouse, and the smallest humming
bird known. The raven, a bird found in every
quarter of the world, is also very common here.

He seems to bear the cold of the northern regions
with as much indifference as the heat of the tor-
rid zone. I: is remarkable, that wherever these
birds '.Vnnd. the common crow seldom makes
h.s appearance.

Canaca. Upper, in its most comprehensive
sense, comprises a tract of country extending from
the Ottawa, or Grand River, which divides it from
Lower Canada at its junction with the St. Law-
rence, in the longitude of 74. 30. W. and 45. of
N. lat. to the north-west extremity of Lake Win-
nipeg, in the latitude of 59. N. and the 98th of
W. long, bounded on the south by the chain of
lakes which discharge their waters into the sea
by the great river St. Lawrence, and on the north
by the Ottawa River, in a north-west direction to
the longitude of about 82., when it borders by un-
defined limits on the Hudson’s bay and north-
west territories. However, like Lower Canada,
the part under cultivation, and which at present
more particularly merits attention, lies within
comparatively narrow limits, in a south-west di-
rection, along the north bank of the St. Lawrence,
and narth shores of Lakes Ontario and Erie, from
the O ttawa River before-mentioned at its en-
trance into the St. Lawrence to the straits of Erie
and St. Clair River, between the Lakes Erie and
Hnron. in the longitude of 82. 30. W. It is about
570 milts from N. E. to S. W. and 40 to 50 in
breadth, including about 10,000,000 of acres of as
fertile laud as any in all North Ameiica. The
south-west extremity extending to the 42d degree
of latitude, it is not subject to such severity of
winter as the lower province ; numerous streams,
affording the most advantageous site for the erec-
tion of mills, fell into the lakes, and two consid-
erable rivers in the eastern district fall into the
Ottawa, and two others run in a south-west di-
rection, failing into Lake St. Clair, between the
strait of Erie and the St. Clair River. The
southernmost of these rivers is called the Thames,
with a London on its banks, destined perhaps, at
.some future time,"to rival in population and im-
portance its namesake in Britain. Upper Canada
is divided, for judicial and local purposes, into
eight districts, which are again subdivided into
the 23 following counties, taking them in order
from the south-west: vix

1. Essex,    13.    Hastings,

2. Kent,    14.    Lennox,

3. Suffolk,    15.    Addington,

4. Middlesex,    16.    Frontinac,

5. Norfolk.    17.    Prescot,

6. Oxford,    18.    Russell,

7. Lincoln,    19.    Leeds,

^ 8. York,    20.    Grenville,

9. Durham,    21.    Dundas,

10. Carleton,    22.    Stormont,

11. Prince Edward, 23.    Glengary

12. Northumberland,

These counties are further subdivided into about
160 townships. Nearly one-third of the lands
were granted in free and common soccage prior
to 1825, about 500,000 acres of which are already
under cultivation, one-third more being reserved
for the crown and clergy, leaves about 4,000,000
of acres of fertile land, in the immediate vicinity
of settlements already formed, for future grants ;
in addition to which, millions of acres in the rear,
northward, covered at present with the finest tim-
ber of oak, hickory, beach, walnut, maple, pine,
&c. &c. present a rich field for exertion, and the
supply of future ages. The population of this
province has increased, and continues increasing
in a greater ratio than the lower one. The inhab-
itants, which in 1783 did not exceed'10,000, in
1814 amounted to 95,000, and in 1825 to double
that number. Its civil and religious institutions
are similar to those of the sister province, with
the exception that being settled since the expul-
sion of the French, there are no feudal tenures or
lands held in seignorage, which is the case with
all those granted to the original French settlers
in the lower province. The inhabitants also of
Upper Canada being emigrants from the United
States, Scotland, and England, are principally
protestants, and as such there are no special
enactments or reservations for the catholics. The
executive council of this province consists of six
members, the legislature of not less than seven,
and the house of assembly of twenty-five. Upper
Canada participates in common in the commerce
of the lower province, in addition to which it has
also the advantage of interchanging its surplus
productions with the United States, as either one
direction or the other may best promote its inter-
est. As long, however, as the English govern-
ment are enabled to afford the same protection to
Upper Canada, and under the same circumstan-
ces as prevailed in 1826, and more especially
should the English government qualify their
present policy of excluding grain of foreign
growth importation into England, the interest of
the Canadians will unquestionably lie on the side
of England, and the Canadas afford the fairest
field for agricultural exertion of any country in
the world : independent of its abundant supply of
grain and animal food, the forests supply abun-
dance of every variety of game and fowl, and the
rivers and lakes every variety of fish common to
inland waters ; and, by due attention to culture,
the gardens may be made to yield every variety
of delicious fruits.

The Canadas, in a general sense, may be con
sidered a level country, beautifully undulated,
but no where attaining an elevation exceedino
300 to 500 feet above the level of the waters o?
the great chain of lakes. A ridge of mountain
skirts the northern boundaries of both provinces
from the 74th to the 98th deg. of west longitude
the altitudes have not been correctly ascertained
hut they seem to claim the character only of a

o