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Here .s a magnificent royal palace : and a grand
modern aqueduct, which furnishes a great part of
the city of Naples with water. Most of the build-
ings were greatly damaged by an earthquake in
1803. It is 15 m. N. of Naples. Pop. about 16,000.
Casey, an interior county of the state of Ken-
tucky. Pop. 4,342. Liberty is the chief town.
Cashan. See Kasan.
Cashel, a borough of Ireland, capital of the
county of Tipperary, and an archbishop’s see. It
had formerly a wall; and part of two gates are
still remaining. The old cathedral is supposed to
have been the first stone edifice in Ireland. A
synod was held here by Henry I. in 1158, by which
the kingdom of Ireland was confirmed to him.
The new cathedral is an elegant edifice ; it has
several other public buildings, and barracks for in-
fantrv. It is seated on the east bank of the Suir, 43
in. N. N. E. of Cork, and 77. S. S. W. of Dublin.
Pop. in 1821, 5,974.
Cashgur,or Little Bohharia, a country of Usbec
Tartary, which commences on the north and north-
east of Cashmere in Hindoostan (from which it is
separated by the Himmaleh mountains) and ex-
tends to 41. N. lat. Great part of it is a sandy
desert; the other parts are populous and fertile.
Here are mines of gold and silver, which the na-
tives do not work, because they are employed
wholly in feeding cattle. The musk-animals are
found in this country. It likewise produces dia-
monds and several other precious stones. Ireken
is the capital.
Cashgur, a city of Usbec Tartary, formerly the
capital of the country of the same name. It has
a good trade with the neighbouring countries,
and stands at the foot of the Himmaleh Mountains,
11m. S of Ireken. Long. 73.25. E. lat. 41.30. N.
Cashmere, a province of Hindoostan, subject to
the king of Candahar, or sultan of the Afghans,
bounded on the west by the Indus, north by Mount
Himmaleh, and east and south by Lahore. It is
an elevated valley, 90 m. long and 50 broad, lying
between the 34th and 35th deg. of N. lat. and 73.
to 76. of E. long, surrounded bv steep mountains,
which tower above the regions of snow. The pe-
riodical rains, which almost deluge the rest of In-
dia, are shut out of Cashmere by the height of the
mountains, so that only light showers fall here :
but these are sufficiently abundant to feed some
hundreds of cascades, which arc precipitated into
the valley. The soil is the richest that can be
conceived, and its productions those of the tem-
perate zone. Numerous streams, from all quar-
ters of the valley, bring their tribute to the Che-
ium, a large navigable river, running from east to
west, falling into the Indus. It contains several
small lakes, some of which contain floating islands.
But the country is subject to earthquakes; and
to guard against their most terrible effects, all the
houses are built of wood. Among other curious
manufactures of Cashmere is that of shawls ; and
the delicate wool of which the finest are made is
the product of a species of goat of this country,
or of the adjoining Thibet. Here are bred a spe-
cies of sheep, called Hundoo, which are employed
in carrying burdens. The Cashmereans are stout
and well made, but their features often coarse and
broad: even the women are *** a deep brown
complexion ; but they are gay and lively, and fond
of parties of pleasure on their beautiful lakes.
They have a language of their own, said to
be an interior to that of the Sanscrit; and a reli-
gion too it is thought, different frm i that of the
Hindoos The superstition of the inhabitants has
multiplied the piaces cf warship of VTihndoe
Beschan,and Brama. All Cashmere is holy land,
and miraculous fountains abound. In addition to
their shawls, in the manufacture of which about |
16,000 looms are supposed to be employed, saffron,
otto of roses, and some drugs, form the chief arti-
cles of commerce.
Cashmere, or Serinaghur, a city of Hindoostan,
capital of the province or valley of Cashmere.
Here are many fountains, reservoirs, and temples.
The streets are narrow and dirty. The houses,
many of them two and three Stories high, are
slightly built of brick and mortar, with a large in-
termixture of timber; and on the roof is laid a
covering of fine earth, which is planted with a va-
riety of flowers. This city is without walls, and
seated on both sides of the Chelum, 285 m. E.
by S. of Cabul. Long. 73. 11. E. lat. 33. 49. N.
Cashna. See Cassina.
Cashville, p.v. Spartanburg Dis. S. C. 110 m.
N. Columbia.
Caspe, a town of Spain, in Arragon, where Fer-
dinand IV. was elected king of Arragon. It stands
at the confluence of the Guadalupe and Ebro,
35 m. S. of Balbastro, and 44 S. E. of Saragossa.
Caspian Sea, a large inland sea of Western
Asia, bounded on the south by the Persian prov-
ince of Mazandran, in the lat. of 36. 40. and north
by the Russian government of Astracan, in the
lat. of 46. 50., thus being about 700 m. in length
from south to north; its eastern and western
boundaries are very irregular, extending from the
long, of 46. 30. to 57., whilst the mean breadth
does not exceed 260 miles. The eastern coast is
indented by several bays, the more prominent of
which are Calkan, in the lat. of 39., Alexander, in
43., and Mertvoi, or Koultjouk, in 45. N. The
Persian province of Khorassan extends along the
east coast to the Bay of Balkan, and further
north the east coast is occupied by the Turcomans,
Kircrees, and other Tartar tribes; and the west
coast bv the governments of Ghilan, Baku, Der-
bent. and the Caucasus. Numerous rivers flow
into this sea from all points, the most important
of which are the Oural, the Volga, and the former
at its north extremity and the latter at the N. W.
It contains several islands near both the eastern
and western coasts, and the depth is very irregu-
lar, being in some places unfathomable with a line
of 450 fathoms, whilst in other places the naviga-
tion is difficult with vessels drawing only ] 0 feet of
water ; the water is as salt as that of the ocean,
with a bitter taste, which taste is ascribed to the
prevalence of the naphtha on the western coast.
(See Baku) Its waters have no visible outlet,
their equilibrium must therefore be maintained
either by subterraneous channels, or by evapora-
tion. Salmon, sturgeon, and other fish abound in
all parts of this sea, and seals are extremely nu-
merous. Of birds properly aquatic, it contains
the grebe, the crested diver the* pelican, the cor-
morant, and several species of luII, while geese,
ducks, storks, herons, crows, &c., frequent the
shores. The Russians are tl.' u W people who
derive much benefit from this great natural basin,
although so well calculated to facilitate an exten-
sive and reciprocal intercourse between all its
surrounding nations ; and were a communication
to be effected with the Black Sea, bv means of ca-
nals, Europe at large might participate in tire ad
vantages of an extended intercourse.
Cassandria, a town of Holland, on the S. W.
side of the island of Cadsand, at the mouth of the
^win three miles north of S’ ' s |
