a fort, which was taken hy the English in 1665.
Long. 0. 15. W., lat. 5. 30. N.

Comery, a town of France, in the department of
Iidreand Loire, with a Benedictine Abbey; seat-
ed on the Indre, 8 m. S. E. of Tours.

Coma, a town of Asiatic Turkey, in Irak Arahi,
seated on the Tigris, near'its conflux with the
Euphrates, 35 miles W. N. W. of Bassora.

Corneto, a town of Italy, in the patrimony of
Saint Peter, seated on the Marta, three miles
east of the sea, and ten north of Civita Vecchia.

CornJdU, a town of the county of Durham, Eng.
seated near the Tweed, over which it has a large
bridge to Coldstream, in Scotland. It is 12 m.

S. W. of Berwick, and 333 N. N. W. of London.
Pop. 688.

Cornigliano, a town of Italy, in the Milanese,
15 m. E. of Milan.

Cornish, p.t. Sullivan Co. N. H. 108 m. from
Boston. Pop. 1,687. Also a p.t. York Co. Me.
Pop.* 1,234.

Cornville, p.t. Somerset Co. Me. Pop. 1,104.

Cornwall, a county forming the S. W. extrem-
ity of England, projecting into the Atlantic
Ocean. It is bounded on the E. N. E. by the
river Tamar, which divides it from Devonshire,
being washed on all its other sides by the sea.
The south coast for about 70 miles, borders on
the entrance to the English, and the north, for
about 90 miles, on the entrance to the Bristol
Channel. At its eastern, or E. N. E. extremity
it is about 42 miles wide, but gradually narrows
towards the west to about 15 miles, wnen it di-
verges at a distance of about 60 miles into two
points, the most southerly called the Lizard, in
the lat. of 49. 58. N., and 5. 11. of W. long., and
the other the Land's End, in the lat of 50. 4. N.,
and 5. 42. of W⁷. long; the intermediate space
being known by the name of Mount’s Bay. The
distinguishing characteristics of this county are
its minerals, semi-metals, and clays, which are
found here in greater variety than in almost any
other part of the world. Gold, silver, cobalt, an-
timony, manganese, and lapis calaminaris, are all
found to a certain extent, and some in abun-
dance ; but the predominating productions are
copper and tin, with which are mixed mundic
and arsenic ; in the supply of which, upwards of
100 mines are in constant work. Some of the
mines are worked to a vast depth; but the per-
fection of the means applied, as well in bringing
the ores tfi the surface as in smelting, &c., ren-
ders the operations comparatively easy, and the
proceeds a source of great wealth to the parties
engaged in them, and of general advantage to
the county. The mining business is entirely reg-
ulated by a code called the Stannary Laws, enac-
ted by a court of stannatgrs, or proprietors.
These laws divide the tinmen into ten divisions,
under the superintendanee of one warden. A
vice-warden is appointed every month; and there
is a steward for each precinct, who holds his
court every three weeks, where a jury of six per-
sons decides disputes, with a progressive appeal
however to the vice-warden, lord-warden, and
lords of the duke of Cornwall’s council. The
mines are under no other jurisdiction excepting
in such cases as affect land or life. In addition to
its minerals, a vein of soapy earth and of potter’s
clay, estimable in the manufacture of porcelain,
add considerably to the resources of the county.
The shaping of granite for building, and moor-
stone for grinding of corn, give employment to
great numbers. And, in addition to these resour-
ces, the coast of Cornwall is annually visited hy
shoals of pilchards, which, in fish and oil, yield
an average produce of xc2xa350,000 per annum. The
occupations of mining and fishing, up to the
middle of the 18th century, prevailed to such an
extent in this county as to render agriculture al-
most entirely neglected, and to give it a rudeness
and wildness of character distinct from that of
every other part of the kingdom ; but since that
period agriculture has been progressively improv-
ing, and potatoes and grain are now included
among its surplus productions, which in the ag-
gregate may be considered as exceeding xc2xa3500,000
per annum in amount. What are denominated
the duchy lands are very extensive, and the in-
come derived from them together with the duty
on tin ore, form the only remaining parts of those
immense hereditary revenues which were an-
ciently appropriated as a provision for the heir
apparent to the crown. Previously to the inva-
sion of Britain by the Romans, Cornwall was in-
habited ^y a tribe called the Dumnonei with whom
the Phoenicians are supposed to have traded
largely for tin. The descendants of that tribe,
and the succeeding inhabitants, continued longer
to retain the language, manners, and customs of
antiquity, than in any other part of England, and
which up to this time can hardly be said to be
extinct. The coast is, in many parts, extremely
rugged, and ridges of granite intersect the west-
ern part of the county, whilst the valleys are
beautifully diversified with verdure, shrubs, and
plants, among which the myrtle is common, with
several peculiar to the district. The coast
abounds with marine vegetables, which are much
used for manure. The blocks of broken granite
appear in remote ages, according to the supposi-
tion of some persons, to have been much used in
the construction of rude temples for religious
worship. Near the Land’s End is a block, from
90 to 100 tons in weight, so nicely poised as to
be moveable with the hand; there are several
others of less magnitude similarly poised; these
are termed loagin stones, and are ridiculously sup-
posed by some to have been contrivances of art,
and objects of religious adoration ; whilst they are
doubtless only the natural results of repeated
submersions of our planet, during which the lay
ers of earth or clay have been washed away.
Similar evidences of the operations of nature are
to be seen in the western hemisphere, a few miles
east of Boston, in Massachusetts, on the road to
Salem ; and it is probable that the supposed cairns,
cromlechs, rockbasins, &c., of the Druids, are
nothing more than the simple results of the pro-
gressive operations of nature. The principal ports
on the north coast, are Padstow and St. Ives ; on
Mount’s Bay. Penzance and Helstone ; on the
south coast, Falmouth, Truro, Fowey, and Looe ,
Plymouth Sound bounding the south-east extrem-
ity of the county. The principal towns in the
interior are Redruth, St. Auske, Penryn, Bod-
win, Launceston, Ac. The assizes, Ac., for the
county, are held alternately at Bodmin and
Launceston. Streams of water intersect the
county, in all directions, and add considerably to
its diversity and picturesque beauty. Some
wroolen, and a few other manufactures, are car-
ried on in different parts of the county, but they
are inconsiderable.