Guernsey, an island in the English Channel,
35 m. S. W. of Cape la Hogue, a promontory of
the N. coast of France. It formed part of the
dukedom of Normandy; but Henry I. of England,
annexed it to Great Britian, to which it has ever
since continued an appendage, although the lan-
guage, dress, manners, and form of government
of the ancient Normans still continues. The is-
land is about 36 m. in circumference, well de-
fended by natural rocks; the surface is consider-
ably varied, generally fertile, and breed a consid-
erable number of small cattle. It is divided into
10 parishes, which in 1821 contained an aggre-
gate population of 20,827. St. Peter’s port, on
the E. side of the island, in lat. 49. 33. N ,
and 2. 40. of W. long., is the chief place ofthe is-
land, containing more than one half of the total
population. The principal point of intercourse
with England is Weymouth, from which it is dis-
tant 72 m.    _t

Guernsey, an interior county in the E. part of
Ohio, containing about 650 square m. It is in-
tersected by Will’s Creek, a branch of the Musk-
ingum. The population, which in 1810 was only
3,051, in 1830 had increased to 18,036. Cam-
bridge, the chief town, in the centre of the coun-
ty, is 85 m. due E. of Columbus.

Gueta, or Hueta, a town of Spain in New Cas-
tile, 52 m. E. by S. of Madrid.

Guglingcn, a town of Suabia in the kingdom
of Wurtemberg. situate on the Zaber, 20 m. N. of
Stuttgard.

Guiana, an extensive territory of South Amer
ica, comprising the whole country between the
two great rivers Amazon and Orinoco, extending
W. from the Atlantic Ocean through 16 degrees
of long. Prior to the war between England and
France, which commenced in 1793, this extensive
territory was divided between Portugal, Spain,
France, and Holland; the Portuguese claimed the
whole country lying N.of the Amazons, to about
1. 40. of N. lat. By a treaty in 1801, a line of
demarcation was agreed upon between France
and Portugal, this line extended from the island
of Carpory in the lat. above mentioned, through
about 8 degrees of long. From this line French
Guiana, extends along the coast to the Maroni
river, in the lat. of 5. 44. N., giving about 300 m.
of sea-coast. but westward it is not more than 130
m. wide. Dutch Guiana, next extends along the
coast from the river Maroni in 5. 44. of N. lat., and
53. 55. of W. long., to Cape Nassau, in 7. 34. N.,
and 55.54. of W⁷. long, giving about360 m. of sea-
coast. and a mean breadth of about 170 m. : and
Spanish Guiana comprised the coast from the river
Maroni. to the Delta of the Orinoco, and all the
country W. of Dutch and French Guiana, as far
as the *68 degree of W. long. Portuguese Guiana
now forms part of the. empire of Brazil. French
Guiana surrendered to the English in 1809, but
was restored at the peace of 1814 ; see Cayenne
The Dutch had formed four settlements upon
their portion of the territory, viz. Surinam, Ber-
bice, Deinarara. ai.u Essequibo, along the hanks
of four several rivers of those names, which also
surrendered to the English during the war. At
the peace of 1514. Surinam was restored to the
Dutch, and all the rest confirmed to England by
treaty. The greater portion of this vast territory
is comprised of extensive swamps and low lands
of unbounded fertility, of which various kinds of
animals, reptiles, and insects, are the chief pos-
sessors, the human inhabitants being very limit-
ed except upon the rivers Surinam, and Demerara.

The coast, from its lowness, is snbject in many
places to inundations ; the land, at the distance
of several leagues from the sea, is deluged by the
tides. The sailor loses sight of the capes or
promontories at a short way from the shore; bat
ships can approach them without danger, for the
distance may be ascertained with sufficient accu-
racy by means of the sounding line. The turbid
appearance of the sea is owing to the great quan-
tity of alluvial matter borne down by rivers. The
mangrove grows on the low grounds, in which
the sea water remains stagnant; several fens oi
marshes, occasioned by the inundations of rivers,
are covered with reeds, that afford shelter to the
cayman and different sorts of water fowl. The
dry season lasts from the end of July to Novem-
ber, and the rainy season corresponds with the
winter months in Europe , but the most violent
rains fall sometimes in January and February;
the weather is dry and agreeable during the month
of March and the beginning of May ; this period
has, for that reason, been denominated the short
summer. The whole of April and the latter part
of May are subject to continued rains. The cli-
mate of Guiana is not liable to the excessive heat
of the East Indies, Senegambia, or the Antilles.

It is well known that the trees which bear fruit
during the whole of the year in this country,
yield more abundant crops in particular seasons,
as the orange, the lemon, the guava, the laurus
persea, the sapota, the amiona and others, which
grow only in cultivated lands. The trees in the
woods and all those in a wild state bear fruit but
once a year, and the greater number of them at
a season that corresponds with our spring; the
most remarkable of these trees are the grenadilla
and different species of palms. The mango and
other East Indian plants thrive in Guiana,hut the
fruits of Europe, with the exception of the grape,
the fig and pomegranate, are not adapted to the
climate. The first European settlers observed
in this county three specieo of the coffee tree, the
Coffea guyanensis, Coffea parieulata, arid Coffea
oecidentalis ; a fourth kind from Arabia was after-
wards added by the colonists. Many aromatic
plants were imported by the earlier settlers; the
country produces in abundance cloves, cinnamon,
and different sorts of pepper. The tree whicl
produces the Cashew nut bears a considerable re

semblance to the walnut, and tne leaves have
nearly the same scent. It bears a sort of apple at
the end of which grows the Cashew nut. enclosed
in two shells, between which is a native inflam-
mable oil, so caustic as to blister the skin. The
kernel has a fine flavour, and is used to give a