|
ent periods this name has been applied with a very
different signification. In the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries Hungary comprised part of mod-
ern Poland and European Turkey, and was divi-
ded into ten separate governments, or kingdoms,
viz. Hungary Proper, Croatia, Sclavonia, Dal-
matia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Moldavia, Galicia, and
Lodomiria, besides the principality of Tran-
sylvania. Several of these provinces have long
since been detached from Hungary ; but that
country has still a close political and military
connexion with the Austrian provinces of Scla-
vonia, Croatia, and Dalmatia. This kingdom
ffor such it is still termed) is surrounded hy moun-
tains, except on the S. where its frontier is along
the Danube and the Drave. It is bounded on the
W. by part of Germany, N. by Galicia, E. by
Transylvania and Wallachia, and S. by Turkey.
Sclavonia, and Croatia; and has a territorial ex-
tent of 84,500 square m. It was formerly divided
into Upper and Lower Hungary ; but this divi-
sion has been superseded by that of the following
circles :xe2x80x941. Circle this side the Danube 2. Cir-
cle beyond the Danube; 3. Circle this side the
Theyss; 4. Circle beyond the Theyss; 5. Prov-
inc? of Sclavonia; 6. Province of Croatia. These
are divided into counties, of which there are
thirteen in the first circle, and eleven in each of the
others. The principal rivers are the Danube, the
Drave, the Marosch, the March, the white Kor-
esch, the Izamos, the Theyss, the Waag, and the
Temes. The chief lakes are Balaton and Nieusi-
edl, W.; Palitsch on the S. W., and Grunsee or the
Grun Lake among the Carpathians. There arealso
several extensive marshes here, as that of the Isle
of Schut on the W. and that of Saxetje on the E.
of the kingdom. The climate among the moun-
tains is of course bleak ; but in the S. it is in
general mild; in the sandy districts extremely
hot; on the banks of the rivers and near the
marshes there is much humidity: indeed this is
a prevailing characteristic of the climate of the
level part of Hungary. The country abounds in
all the necessaries of life, and the wine, especial-
ly that called Tokay, is excellent. There are
mines of gold, silver, copper, and iron ; and also
of opal at Czerweniza, which gem is peculiar to
this country. There is such plenty of game that
hunting is allowed to all. The trade princi-
pally consits in cattle, hogs, sheep, flour, wheat,
i ye, wool, and wine ; and these are almost whol-
ly sent to the Austrian provinces. The com-
merce of the country is fettered by no inter-
nal taxes, a circumstance of which the Hun-
garians are very proud; but the Austrian
government has environed it with custom houses,
where a duty of one and one-third per cent, is
gathered on all goods that pass into it from the
other Austrian states. We may thus see that the
encouragement of manufactures within the king-
dom will never, voluntarily become the policy
of that government. The kingdom of Hungary
can easily raise an army of 100,000 men. The
horsemen are called Hussars, and the foot Hey-
dukes. The government is hereditary in the
house of Austria, and the established religion is
popery, though there are a great number of pro-
testants. No country in the world is better sup-
plied with mineral waters and baths; and those
ofBuda, when the Turks were in possession of it,
were reckoned the finest in Europe. |
Hungerford, a town in Berkshire Eng. with a
good trade by its canal navigation. John of
Gaunt granted a charter by the gift of a brass bu-
gle horn, which is blown annually for the inhan
itants to elect the constable, who is the chief ofH
cer. It is seated on the Kennet, 22 m. S S. W
of Abingdon, and 64 W. of London.
Huningueh, a town of France, in the depart
ment of Upper Rhine, seated on the Rhine. The
strong fortress of Huninguen, which for a long
time held out against the allies in 1815, was af-
terwards demolished in consequence of a stipula-
tion in the treaty of Paris. 2 m. N. of Basel, and
14 E. of Altkirch.
Hunmanby, a town in East Yorkshire, Eng
The town is pleasantly situated on a rising
ground, surrounded by aline wood on the N. W.,
within two miles of th%sea, and contains many
good houses. 39 m. N. E. of York, and 207 N. of
London.
Hunter, p.v. Greene Co. N. Y. Pop. 1,960.
Hunterdon, a county of New Jersey, on the Del-
aware. Pop. 31,066. Trenton is the chief town.
Hunterstown, a village in York Co. Pa. and a
township in St. Maurice Co. L. C.
Huntersville, villages in Pocahontas Co. Va.
and Lincoln Co. N. C.
Huntingdon, a borough and the capital cf Hun-
tingdonshire; Eng. with a market on Saturday,
and a great trade in corn, coals, wood, &.c. It
was once a large place, said to have had 15
churches, which are now reduced to two ; and
there are the cemeteries of two other parishes, in
one of which is an ancient steeple. Huntingdon
is the birth-place of Oliver Cromwell. It is seat-
ed on the river Ouse, over which is a stone bridge
to Godmanchester, 16 m. W. N. W. of Cambridge
and 59 N. by W. of London.
Huntingdon, a county in the W. district of Pen-
sylvania. Pop. 27,159. The capital has the same
name.
Huntingdon, towns in Adams, Luzerne and
Westmoreland Cos. Pa. and Carroll Co. Ten.
Huntingdonshire, a county of England, 25 miles
long and *20 broad; bounded on the N. W. and
N. by Northamptonshire, E. by Cambridgeshire,
and S. W. by Bedfordshire. It contains 240,000
acres : is divided into four hundreds, and 107
parishes; ana has six market towns. It sends
four members to parliament. The principal riv-
ers are the Ouse find Nen. The S. E. part con-
sists of beautiful meadows. The middle and west-
ern parts are fertile in corn, and adorned with
woods; and the upland part was anciently a for-
est,, peculiarly adapted for hunting. The N. E.
part consists of fens, which join those of Ely ;
but they are drained, so as to afford rich pastur-
age, and even large crops of corn. In the midst
of them are some shallow pools abounding with
fish; and a lake six miles long and three broad,
called Whittleseamere. The principal commod-
ities are corn, malt, and cheese ; and it fattens
abundance of cattle.
Huntington, p.t. Chittenden Co. Va. on Onion
river. Pod. 929. Also a p.t. Fairfield Co. Conn.
Pop. 1,369. A p.t. Suffolk Co. N. Y. Pop.
5,582. Also towns in Laurel Dis. S. C., Gallia,
Ross and Brown Cos. Ohio.
Huntingtown, p.v. Calvert Co. Maryland.
Huntley, a town of Scotland, in Aberdeenshire,
with a manufacture of linen cloth; seated on the
Bogie, near its conflux with the Deveron, 35 m.
N. W. of Aberdeen.
Huntsburg, a village in Franklin Co. Vt. near
the Canada line. Also a village in Geauga Co.
Omo.
Huntsville, villages in Otsego Co. N. Y., Sur |
