Juan de la Frontera, St., a town of Chile. Its territory contains mines of gold, and a kind of almonds that are very delicate. It is seated near the lake Guanacho, on the E. side ofthe Andes, 150 m. N. of Mendoza. Long. 68. 40. W., lat. 31. 90. S. '
Juan de Porto Rico, St., the capital of the isl- and of Porto Rico, with a good harbour, defended by several forts. It is a bishops see ; and is well built, and better inhabited than most of the Spanish towns. It was taken by sir Francis Drake, and afterwards by the earl of Cumber- land ; but, losing most of, his men by sickness, he wins obliged to abandon it. In 1615 the Dutch took and plundered this city, but could not retain it. It stands on a peninsula, on the N. coast of the island. Long. 66. 45. W., lat. 18. 29. N.
Juan de Uhui, St., a small island in the gulf of Mexico See Vera Cruz.
Jaan Fernandez, an island in the Pacific Ocean, 38 leagues eastward of the island of Masafuero, and 390 W. of the continent. It is supposed to have been inhabited by a Spaniard, whose name it retains ; but it is more remarkable for having been the residence of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch- man, whose life and adventures furnished De Foe with the ground-work of that admirable no- vel, Robinson Crusoe. The island is about 40 m. in circumference, and at a distance- appears like a naked rock ; but there are intersecting val- leys covered with wood, and a great number of goats on the side of every hill. In 1766 a set- tlement wins made by the Spaniards on the N. and highest part of this island, at Cumberland Bay, which is defended by batteries. The town is situate in a fine valley, between two high hills, and every house has a garden, with arbors shaded with vines. Long. 78. 52. W., lat. 33. 40. S.
Jubo, a kingdom of Africa, on the coast of Ajan, with a capital of the same name, subject to the Portuguese. Long. 43. 20. E., lat. 0. 50. N. Jucatan. See Yucatan.
Judenburg, a town of Upper Styria, capital of %circle of the same name, with a handsome cas- tle. The public buildings, with the square, are magnificent. This town was taken by the French in 1797. It suffered dreadfully from fire in 1807 and 1818. It is seated on the Muer, 40 m. W. of Gratz. Long. 14. 24. E., lat. 47. 10. N.
Judith, Point, the Cape at the entrance of Nar- raganset Bay on the West. Here is a light house.
Judoinne, a town of the Netherlands, in S. Brabant, near which are the ruins of an ancient castle. It is seated on the Geele, 13 m. S. S. E. of Louvain.
Jundispore, a town of Hindoostan, in the prov- ince of Bahar, 20 m. from Patna.
Juggernaut, a place of Hindoo worship, on the coast of Orissa, district of Cuttack, with a pop. es- timated at 30,000. It is one of the most celebrated places in India. All the land within 20 m.is consid- ered holy; but the most sacred spot is enclosed with a stone wall 21 feet high, and forms nearly a square, being 656 feet long and 626 wide. Within this area are about 50 temples, dedicated to various idols; but the most conspicuous buildings consist of one lofty stone tower, 184 feet high and 28 1-2 feet square inside, and two adjoining stone build- ings with pyramidal roofs. The tower is oc- cupied by the idol Juggernaut, his brother Bul- budra, and his sister Subudra, and the other buildings are used for purposes connected with the worship. Adjoining is also a low building on |
pillars (with a fabulous animal in the centre; which is intended as an awning to shelter the entrance from the rays of the sun; and after this is another, where the food prepared by the pilgrims is daily brought previous to distribution. The temple of Juggernaut was erected by rajah Anung Bheem, in A. D. 1198; it was taken by the British, together with the towm, in 1803. The roofs are ornamented in a singular style, with representations of monsters: the walls of the temples, which are not visible beyond the enclo- sure, are covered* with statues of stone. Each side of the boundary wall has a large gateway in the centre; but the grand entrance is in the eastern face. The idol Juggernaut is made of wood, and is probably the coarsest image in the country, having a frightful black visage, with a distended mouth. The figure does not extend below the loins, and it has no hands, but two stumps in lieu of arms, on which the priests oc- casionally fasten hands of gold: a Christian is almost led to think that it was an attempt to see how low idolatry could debase the human mind.
When two new moons occur in Assaur (part of June and July), which is said to happen about once in 17 years, a new idol is always made.
After the wood is made into a proper form by common carpenters, it is entrusted to certain priests, who are protected from all intrusion.
The process is a great mystery. One man is selected to take, out of the old idol a small box, said to contain the spirit, which is conveyed in- side the new; and the man who does this is xe2x80xa2
always removed from the world before the end of the year. On certain festivals the images of Juggernaut, Bulbudra, and Subudra, are superbly dressed and placed in an immense moveable tower, which the pilgrims drag to a certain dis- tance, and then return to the temple. During these processions many of the infatuated devotees fall under the wheels of the machine, and are crushed to death. There are two principal festi vals (the Swinging and Car festivals) and eleven minor ones annually. The concourse of pilgrims to this shrine is immense; and the revenue de- rived from them by the British government is said to exceed xc2xa312,000 per annum. A road has been recently completed from Calcutta to Jug- gernaut, great part of the qxpense being paid by a rich Hindoo (rajah Sookinoy Roy) on condition that the road should be named after him. Jug- gernaut is seated a few m. N. E. of the Chilka Lake, 300 m. from Calcutta. Long. 85. 54. E., latxe2x80x9e 19. 49. N.
Julfar, a town of Arabia, in the province of Oman, situate on a bay of the gulf of Persia, 100 m. N. W. of Oman. Long. 56. 14. E., lat. 25.
55. N.
Julien, St., a town of France, in the department of Jura, 18 m. S. by W. of Lons le Saulnier.
Julien du Sault, St., a town of Francej in the department of Yonne, seated between two moun- tains, covered with vines, near the river Yonne,
6 m. N. W. of Joigny.
Juliers, a very fertile duchy of Westphalia, now forming part of the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, adjacent to the territories of Aix- la-Chapelle, Liege, and Cologne. It contains 1,600 square m. and 200,000 inhabitants. Flax is cultivated, and made into fine linen, which is sent to Holland, and afterwards sold as the fabric of that country; there are also manufactures of cloth, ribands, brass, iron, and wire. This duchy was ceded, in 1648, to the palatine of Neuburg |