residences of the nobility and gentry, and fashion-
able shops. The city includes the central part,
and is the great emporium of commerce. The
east end of the town is also devoted to commerce,
ship-building, manufactures, &e. The southern
bank of the Thames, from Deptford to Lambeth,
bears a great resemblance to the east end of the
town, being occupied by persons engaged in com-
mercial and maritime concerns. London and
Westminster are situated in Middlesex, on the N.
side of the river Thames. Southwark is situated
on the opposite bank, in Surrey. The extent of
the whole, from Limehouse and Deptfori to Mil-
bank and Vauxhall, is about 7 in.; the breadth
varies from 3 to 5.

The extension of this metropolis, since the mid-
dle ofthe last century, lias proceeded with un-
precedented rapidity , and covered the fields, gar-
dens, and marshes in the vicinity of London with
new squares and streets. The direction of the
principal streets accompanies the course of the
river Thames from east to west ; and the cross
streets run mostly in a transverse direction from
north to south. There are two chief lines of
streets from west to east: one of which commen-
ces at the north side of llvde Park, and under the
successive names of Oxford-street.St. Giles's, Hol-
born. Skinner-street. Newgate-street. Cheapside.
Cornhill, and Leadenhali-street, is continued to
While-chapel and Mile End. on the Essex rrad
the other begins at rhe s mill side :-f H vd~ ParK.
and consists of Piccadilly. St. James's street,
Pall Mall, Charing Cross, the Strand, Flwt-street,
Ludgatehill, St. Paul's cnurcli-vari. Wathr.g-
street, Cannon-street, and Tower-street: whence
crossing Tower-hill, it may be said to he further
extended two miles along the river side, in Wap-
ping. The streets near the river, and most of
the cross ones in the city arc very narrow; the
broadest and handsomest are to the north of Ox
fiord street and Holborn. They are well paved
with granite stones, for the attempts at macad-
amizing have not succeeded in London, and on
each side with llag-stones for the convenience of
foot passengers. The subterranean works, con-
structed for the accommodation of the inhabitants,
consisting of sewers, drains, water-pipes, and gas-
pipes. are most extensive. The houses are most-
ly built of brick of a pale colour. The principal
squares are Grosvenor. Portman, Berkeley, St.
James. Hanover. Manchester, Cavendish, Bed-
ford. Rnsse'. Tav.stock. Bloomsbury, Montague,
Leic-ster. Bryanston. and Finsbury squares, and
Linc-'-ln s Inn F.eMs Among the public buil-
dings. St. Paul s cathedra! is the most conspicu-
ous. It is 2.2*2 feet in circumference, and 340
in height the top of the cross, and is inferior to
none in Europe except St. Peter's at Rome. It
contains mnutnents of many illustrious individu
als. who have d >ne honour to their country by
their talents or their virtues. Westminster Ab-
bey is a grand specimen of Gothic architecture,
said to hare neen founded by Sebert, king of the
Eas; Saxons. ia 610. Here most of the English
sovereigns have teeri crowned, and many of them
interred. It cvcitaiiLs also a great number of mon-
uments erected tr. tb? memory of kings, states-
men. heroes, poets, anc persons distinguished by
genius. learning, and science. The chapel of
Henry VII.. adj lining. Leland calls The Wonder
of the AVorld. St. Stephen's. Walbrook, is a
small church of exquisite beautv. the masterpiece
of Sir Christopher AVren. Bow Church in Cheap-
s de, St. Bride's in Fleet-street, St. Dustau’s in
the East, and several others are worthy of notice :
but the far greater number are of plain and ordi-
nary architecture. The churches and chapels be
longing to the establishment, m the bills of mor-
tality, including those erected under the recent
act of parliament, amount to 266. There are like-
wise a great number of meetings for Protestant
dissenters of all persuasions, 30 foreign Protes-
tant churches, 15 Roman Catholic chapels, and
6 synagogues for the Jews. Besides the royal
palaces, there are many fine houses of the princes
ofthe blood, and of the nobility and gentry. The
Tower of London is very ancient, but the foun-
der is uncertain. It is surrounded by a wall, and
partly by a deep ditch. Here are the jewels and
ornaments ofthe crown, as well as the other rega-

lia; and the menagerie for foreign birds and
beasts. The Mint, on Tower Hill, is a very ele-
gant modern building of pure Grecian architec-
ture. The bridges are a great ornament to the
metropolis. The most ancient, London bridge,
was begun in 1176, and finished in 1209. The
length of it is 915 teet. The number of arches
was 19, of unequal dimensions; through which,
in consequence of tlieir narrowness and clumsy
construbtion, the current rushed with such force
as to render the navigation extremely dangerous.
This clumsy fabric is however about to be sup-
planted by the New London bridge, a noble struc-
ture of 5 arches, whicli is now rapidly approaching
towards comuletion. Westminster bridge was
commenced in 1730, and opened to the public in
1750. It is 1,223 feet in length, and has 13 large
and two small semicircular arches. Blackfriars’
bridge, built by Mylne, was completed in 1768.
Its length is 995 feet; the breadth of the carriage-
way 28, and of the foot-paths 7 feet each. It con-
sists of 9 elliptical arches, the centre one of which
is 100 feet wide ; and both this and the arch on
each side are wider than the celebrated Rialto at
A'enice. AVaterloo bridge, commenced in 181.1
and opened in 1816, in the anniversary of the bat-
tle which it is designed to commemorate, is one
ofthe noblest structures of the kind in the wo: Id.
It consists of 9 arches, each 120 feet span and 35
feet elevation. The other bridges are those of
Southwark and A’auxhall. Among the other pub-
lic buildings, which can merely be enumerated
here, are Westminster Hall, containing the su-
preme courts of justice, and adjoining to which
are the houses of Lords and Commons; the Ses-
sions House ; the Horse Guards, the Treasury,
and the Admiralty, at AVhitehall; the noble col-
lection of public offices which form that magnifi-
cent structure called Somerset Place; the
British Museum ; the Royal Exchange : the Bank
of England ; the Excise Office; the East India
House; the Mansion House, for the lord mayor ,