Mondego, a river of Portugal, which has its
source near Guardo, crosses Beira by Coimbra,
and enters the Atlantic, near a cape of the same
name. Its banks were the theatre of great mili-
tary movements between the French and British
in 1810 and 1811.

Mondonedo, a town of Spain, in Gallicia, and
a bishop’s see ; CO m. N. E. of Compostella and
115 N. W. of Leon. Long. 7. 10. W., lat. 43. 30.
N.

Mondori, a fortified town of Piedmont, capital
of a province of its name and a bishop’s see.
In 1796 the French gained a victory here over the
Austrians, which made them master's of the states
of the king of Sardinia. It is seated on a moun-
tain, near the river Ellero, 14 m. E. of Coni.
Long. 8.3. E., lat. 44. 25. N.

Mondragtm, a town of Spain, in Guipuscoa, near
which are some medicinal springs and a famous
mine of excellent iron. It is seated on the Deva,
24 m. S. S. W. of St. Sebastian.

Mondragone, a town of Naples, in Terra di La-
voro, celebrated for its medicinal waters. 13 m.
N. W. of Capua.

Monfm, an island on the coast of Zanguebar, to
the N. E. of Quiloa, tributary to Portugal. Long.
40.50. E., lat. 7. 50. S.

Mcmflanquin, a town of France, department of
Lot-et-Garonne, 20 m. N. N. E. of Agen.

Monforte, a town of Spain, in Galicia, with a
castle, 19 m. N. of Orense.

Monforte, a town of Portugal in Beira, 17 m.
S. E. of Castel Branco.

Monforte, a town of Portugal, in Alemtejo, 21.
m. S. of Portalegra.

Monforte, a town of Portugal, in Tras os Mon-
tes, 30 m. W. of Braganza.

Monghyr, a celebrated town and fortress of Hin-
doostan, capital of a district of its name in the
province of Bahar, seated on the S. bank of the
Gangas, which in the rainy season forms here a
prodigious expanse of freshwater. The town, as
distinct from the fortress, consists of 16 different
bazaars, or market-places, scattered over a space
of about a mile and a half long and a mile wide.
The population is estimated at 30,000. Since 1816
this has formed one of the stations of the Baptist
Missionary Society, whose exertions have here
been attended with a pleasing degree of success.
80 m. E. by S. of Patna and 300 N. W. of Cal-
cutta. Long. 86.36. E.,xe2x80x98lat. 25. 24. N.

Mongolia, or Western Chinese Tartary, is bound-
ed on the N. by Siberia, E. hy F.astern Tartary,
S. by the Great Wall of China and Leatong, and
W. by Independent Tartary, and occupying most
of the space between China and Asiaiic Russia.
Almost the whole territory consists of a level
plain, which borders on the Altai and other
mountain chains that form the Russian frontier.
The inhabitants are decidedly distinguished both
from the Turks and Tartars. They have neither
towns nor houses; but wander in hordes, and
live under tents, which they remove from one
place to another, according as the temperature
of the different seasons, or the wants of their
flocks, require. They pass the summer on the
banks of rivers, and the winter at the foot of
some mountain or hill which shelters them from
the piercing N. wind. Their ideas ofhonour, per-
haps less ridiculous than those of our contempo-
raries, induce them rather to be content with ihe
iood which their flocks supply them, than culti-
vate the earth. During the summer they live
only on milk, using without distinction that of
the cow, mare, ewe goat, and camel. Their or
dinary drink is warm water, in which a little
coarse tea has been infused ; with this they mis
cream, milk, or butter, according to their cireum
stances. They have also a method of making a
kind of spirituous liquor of sour milk especiallv of
that ofthe mare. The Monguls are free. open, and
sincere. They pride themselves chiefly on (heir
dexterity in handling the bow and arrow, mount-
ing on horseback, and hunting wild beasts. Polio/,
amy is permitted among them ; but they generally
have only one wife. Their religion is confined
to the worship of Fo. They have the most su
perstitious veneration for their lamas, to whom
they give the most valuable of their effects in re-
turn for prayers, which they go about reciting
from tent to tent. The Monguls are now split into
a number of petty states, dependant on the em-
pires of Russia and China. Those under the Chi-
nese government may be divided into four prin-
cipal tribes, which are the Monguls, properly so
called, the Kalkas, the Ortous, and the Tartars
of Konkonor.

Monheim, a town of Bavaria, in Neuburg, 8 m.
N. of Donawert.

Monikendam, a sea-port of the Netherlands, in
N. Holland, with manufactures of soap and silk :
seated on an arm of the Zuider Zee, 8 m. N. E.
of Amsterdam. Long. 4. 38. E., lat. 52. 28. N.

Monistrol, a town of France, department of Up
per Loire, 14 m. S. W. of St. Etienne.

Monks corner, p.v. Charleston Dis. S. C.

Monkton, ph. Addison Co. Vt. 26 m. S. E. Bur-
lington. Pop. 1,384; also a township of Annipo*
lis Co. N. C. and Westmoreland Co. N. B.

Monmouth, a county of New Jersey. Pop. 29.-
233. Freehold is the capital.

Monmouth, ph. Kennebec Co. Me. 17 m. VV
Augusta. Pop. 1.882.

Monmouth, a borough of England, capital of
Monmouthshire. It was formerly defended bv a
wall and ditch; and contains the ruins of a cas-
tle in which the warlike Henry V. was born,
hence called Henry ofMonmouth. His cradle and
the armour which ne wore at the battle of Agin-
court are still shown at Troy House, the seat of
the duke of Beaufort, about half a mile from the
town. Here are two ancient churches, both cu-
rious structures. The inhabitants carry on some
trade by means of the Wve, and there are iron
and tin works in the neighbourhood. Monmouth
is seated at the conflux of the Wye and Minour,
25 m. W. of Gloucester and 131 W. by N. of Lon
don.

Monmouthshire, a county of England, 24 m.
long and 20 broad. The eastern, and largest
part, is a tract fertile in corn and pasture, welt
wooded, and abounding with limestone. The
western portion is mountainous, and in great part
unfavourable for cultivation ; whence it is devo-
ted to the feeding of sheep and goats. Mon-
mouthshire was formerly reckoned one of the
counties of Wales; and from the names ef its
towns and villages, its mountainous rugged sur-
face, and its situation beyond the Wye, which
seems to form a natural boundary between Eng-
land and Wales in this part, it certainly partakes
most of the character of the latter country though
now comprehended in the civil division of the
former. The higher ranks generally speak Eng-
lish, but the common people use the Welsh lan-
guage. The chief wealth of the county arises
from its agricultural and mineral products. Dur
ing the last century a great number of iron works