? resents the greatest c&versity of beautiful scenery,
t is traversed by several extensive mountain ran-

fes which may he considered as extensions or
ranches of the great Apalach ian chain : these
are the White, Green and Tagkannuc Mountains
which see. Rivers and small streams are abun-
dant, and few countries in the world are better
watered ; the largest are the Connecticut, Pe-
nobscot, Merrimack, Kennebec, Androscoggin,
and Saco. The climate exhibits great extremes
of heat and cold. In most parts the ground is
covered with snow for several months in winter,

and all the rivers are frozen. Abundance of rain
falls in spring, summer and autumn, and droughts
are very rare. There is every variety of soil; the
river alluvions are very rich, but most of the oth-
er soils are stony, and on the whole the country
cannot generally be called fertile. Notwithstand-
ing this, no part of the United States is so well
cultivated, and the skill and industry of the New
England farmers have made the country like a
garden. The various articles of cultivation will
be found enumerated under the heads of the sev
eral states Cattle are raised in great numbers

no part of the country offers finer grazing lands.
Grass and maize are the staple productions in all

parts.

New England is the most densely peopled
section of the Uni: ed States, and has been the
chief nursery frr-in which the western states were
peopled. Tne gmter portion of the commerce
of the link-n. and nearly all the fisheries, are car-
ried on by the shipping of New England. A
spirit of adventure, activity, zeal and foresio-ht
are characteristic I the people. They are inge-
niousanquisitiTe. shrewd, calculating,persevering
and industrious. The two elation is homogeneous
and almost entirely of English descent. The settle-
ment of the Puritans at Plymouth in Massachu-
setts was the foundation of all the New England
States.

Newenhaw, Cape, a rocky point of considerable
height, on the W. eoast of N. America, forming

the N. extremity of a vast bay called Bristol Bay
of which the promontory of Alaska is the S. boun
dary. It was discovered by Cook in 1T78. Long
.162. 24. W., lat. 58. 42. N.

Newent, a town in Gloucestershire, Eng., seat
ed on a branch of the Severn, 8 m. N. W. of
Gloucester and 112 W. N. W. of London.

Newfoundland, an island on the E. coast of N
America, between 47. and 52. N. lat. It was dis-
covered by Sebastian Cabot in 1496; and after
many disputes with the French it was ceded to
the English in 1713. Its form is triangular; the
N. point is separated from Labrador by the strait
ofBellisle, and from this apex it is 350 m. in
length to the base, which is 300 in breadth. It is
a mountainous, woody country, and very cold,be-
ing covered with snow five months in the year.
The settlements of the British are chiefly confin-
ed to the harbours, the country near Placentia,
and along the bays E. towards Cape Raze and
hence to Cape Buena Vista. In the fishing sea-
son, which begins in May and ends in September
it is resorted to by at least 100,000 people, on ac-
count of the great fishing-banks to the S. E. of the
island ; for here they cure the cod, which is car-
ried not only to England, but to the Mediterra-
nean and the W. Indies. Within a few years
Newfoundland has rapidly increased in popula-
tion and industry. In 1789 the number of inhabi-
tants was 25,000; it is now estimated at 75,000
The cutting down of wood still furnishes a large
portion of employment during the winter : the
smallest kind used for fuel, is drawn by their
large dogs trained up and harnessed for that pur-
pose. There is great plenty of game, fish and
fowl, bat very little corn, fruit, or cattle.

New Fairftld, t. Fairfield Co. Conn. Pop.
953.

Newfatie, ph. Windham Co. Vt. Pop. 1,441.

Newfield, ph. York Co. Me. Pop. 1,289; ph
Tomkins, Co. N. Y. Pop. 2,664.

New Garden, towns in Chester Co. Pa., Rob
inson Co. N. C., Columbiana Co. Ohio., and
Wayne Co. Indiana.

New Geneva, p.v. Fayette Co. Pa.

New Germantown, p.v. Hunterdon Co. N. J.

New Glasgow, ph. Amherst Co. Va.

Jew Gilliard, p.v. Moore Co. N. C.

New Gloucester, ph. Cumberland Co. Me.

New Goskenhopper, p.v. Montgomery Co. Pa.

New Grantham, t. Cheshire Co. N. H.

New Guilford, ph. Coshocton Co. Ohio.

New Hagerstown, ph. Tuscarawas Co. Ohio.

New Hamburg, p.v. Edgefield Dis. S. C.

New Hampshire, one of the New England
States, bounded N. by Lower Canada; E. by
Maine , S. by Massachusetts and W. by Vermont.
It extends from 42. 41. to 45. 11. N. lat. and from
70. 40. to 72. 28. W. long., 168 m. in length from
N. to S. and 90 in breadth; containing 9,491 sq.
miles. This state is inland with the exception of
18 miles of sea-coast on the east. It is traversed
from N. to S. by a chain of mountains called the
White Mountain range. The name of the White
Mountains is more strictly applied to the elevations
in the northern part of the state, which are the
highest mountains in the United States, east of
the Mississippi. See White Mountains. Farther
south, this range presents some high eminences,
as Monadnock, Kearsarge and Mooshelock.
This is the most mountainous state in the union
and for its great variety of beautiful scenery has
been called the Switzerland cr America. Hardly
any of the surface is even except a small tract