formerly within its limits ; and here are also the
remains of a fine amphitheatre, some aqueducts,
&c. The fortifications were demolished by Louis
XIV. in 1682. The chief manufactures are linen,
serge, and paper. The city is seated in a fine
plain, on the river Aigues, 12 m. N. of Avignon
and 57 S. of Valence.

Orange, a county of Vermont. Pop. 27,286.
Chelsea is the capital. A county of New York.
Pop. 45,372. Goshen is the capital. A county of
the E. District of Virginia. Pop. 14,637. Orange
is the capital. A county of N. Carolina. Pop.
23,875. Hillsborough is the capital. A county of
Indiana. Pop. 7,909. Paoli is the capital.

Orange, ph. Orange Co. Vt. 15 m. S. E. Mont-
pelier. xc2xb0Pop. 1,016; ph. Franklin Co. Mass. 80
m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 880; p.v. Orange Co. N.
Y.; ph. Essex Co. N. J.; towns in Cuyahoga, Rich-
land, Trumbull, Shelby, Meigs and Delaware
Cos. Ohio.

Oranaeburg, a District of S. Carolina. Pop.
18,455.⁼

Orange Springs, p.v. Orange Co. Va. 100 m. N.
W. of Richmond.

Orangetown, a township of Rockland Co. N. Y.
on the Hudson. Pop. 1,947.

Orangeville, ph. Genessee Co. N. Y. 20 m. S.
Batavia. Pop. 1,523; p.v. Columbia Co. Pa.

Orange River, a river of S. Africa in the Cape
Colonv running into the Atlantic in lat. 28. 30. S.

Oranienbaum, a town of Saxony, in the duchy
of Anhalt-Dessau, 6 m. S. E. of Dessan.

Oranienbaum, a town of Russia, in Ingria. It
is seated in the gulf of Finland, 20 m. W. of
Petersburg.

Oranienburg, a town of Prussia, in the Middle
Mark of Brandenburg; situate on the Havel, 18
m. N. of Berlin.

Oratava, a town on the W. side of the island of
Teneriffe, and the chief place of trade. It is seat-
ed at the bottom of an amphitheatre of mountains,
out of which rises the Peake of Teneriffe. Its port
is at 3 m. distance. Long. 16. 24. W., lat. 28.
23. N.

Orbassan, a town of Piedmont, with 1,700 in-
habitants, 6 m. S. W. of Turin.

Orbe, a town of Switzerland, in the Pays de
Vaud, 32 m. W. S. AV. of Bern.

Oibt. a town of Germany, in the late electorate
of Mentz. celebrated for its salt works, 26 m. E. of
Frankfort.

OrlitiUo. a sei-port ef Tuscany, in the province
of Sienna, with a g>oc harbour, protected by sev-
eral forts. It is suited on the Mediterranean, near
the month f me Albegna, 63 m. S. by AV. of Si-
enna. Long. 11. 6. E., lat. 42. 28. N.

Orbn. a rue: ofFrance, which rises in the Ce-
vennes.    f    y Beziers, and enters the gulf of

Lions at Sertguaa.

OtcaAu. See Or hups.

Orchits. a town >f France, department of Nord,
12 in. S. S. xc2xa3. ot I_sie.

Orchil*, a classer of small islands in the Carri-
bean Sea. X. cf th? coast of Terra Firma. Long.
65. 20. E., lat. 12. 0. X.

Orchimoxt, a town oxc2xa3 the Netherlands, in the
territory of Luxemburg, situate on the Semoy,
18 m. N. of Sedan.    *

Ordingen, a town of Germany, in the late elec-
torate of Cologne ; seated near the Rhine, 36 m.
N. N. E. of Cologne.

Orduna, a town of Spain, in Biscay, seated in
a valley surrounded by high mountains, 20 m. S.
W. of Bilbao.

Orebro, a government of Sweden, comprising
the old province of Nericia, part of AVestmann-
land, and a small part of Warmeland. It contains
1,780 square miles, with 100,000 inhabitants.

Orebro, the capital of the above mentioned gov
ernment has a considerable trade with Stockholm,
across the lakes Hielmar and Maeler, by means
of the river and canal of Arboga; sending iron,
vitrol, and red paint, in particular, to that capital.
In the middle of the town, on a small island form
ed by the Swart, stands the castle, formerly a
royal residence. It is seated near the W. extrem-
ity of the lake Hielmar, 100 m. W. by S. of
Stockholm. Long. 15. 12. E., lat. 59. 30, N.

Oregon, or Columbia, a river of the United
States flowing into the Pacific Ocean. It rises
in the Rocky Mountains about lat. 55. N. and ,
flows S. W. to the Sea in lat. 46. 15. N. Its
length is 1,500 m., and it has several large tribu-
taries as Clark’s River, Lewis’s River, and the
Multnomah. Its head streams are near those of
the Missouri, and its course is considerably ob-
structed by falls, but it admits a navigation 180
m. from its mouth. All its waters abound in fine
salmon, and towards the sea, they contain great
numbers of seals.

Oregon Territory, the popular name of all that
part of the United States territory west of the
Rockv Mountains, watered by the abovemention-
ed river. It extends from 42. to 51. N. lat. along
the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is bounded N.
by the Russian and British American possessions,
E. by the Rocky Mountains, S. by the Mexican
territories, and W. bv the Pacific. Between the
Rocky Mountains and the sea is another chain
through which the Oregon river passes at the
great falls, and still farther west another ridge
runs parallel with the coast at about 150 m. dis-
tance. These ridges are lofty, and their peaks
are covered with perpetual snow. Among these
mountains, there are sheltered and fertile valieys.
The timber in the mountains is pine, spruce, fir,
&c. The plains generally have a fine soil; but are
very deficient in timber. The prairies, like those
on the eastern sides of these mountains, are cov-
ered with grass, and a profusion of most beautiful
flowers. Among the prairie plants are two or
three kinds of edible roots, which furnish vegeta-
ble food to the savages, as an aid to the great
proportion of salmon, which they devour. Wild
sage is also an abundant herb. It grows of a
height equal to that of small tree; and on
these extensive plains is one of the principal ar-
ticles of fuel. The sea shore, for a considerable
distance to the interior, is skirted with deep and
thick forests of evergreens, such as pine and hem-
lock. Sheltered on the north by protecting ridges
of mountains, and the breezes from the west be-
ing softened hy coming over immense extents of
sea, the climate is as mild as it is in the country
east of these mountains four of five degrees south
of that point. AA’hen Lewis and Clark left the
country in March, and in the latitude of Mon-
treal, the prairies were in blossom, and the for-
wardness of the spason seems to have correspond-
ed with that of North Carolina at the same time.
The winters are piny, and some parts of them
severe.

The Spaniards first discovered this country.
The river was discovered by Captain Gray, in the
ship Columbia of Boston; and it was explored in
1805 by Lewis and Clark. A settlement of for
traders was made at its mouth by the Americans,
but it was afterwards abandoned. The Irdians
3 B xe2x80xa2