marching his army through Syria to Egypt. The
city flourished and increased to the time of Aure-
lian, when it resisted the Roman power under
queen Zenobia, who was at length taken captive,
and led in triumph through the streets of Rome.
Soon afterwards the inhabitants massacred the
soldiers who had been left in garrison; this oc-
casioned the return of Aurelius, who, having
made himself master of the place, caused the in-
habitants to be destroyed, and gave up the city to
pillage. Its stupendous ruins were visited, in
1751, by Mr. Wood, who published a splendid
account of them in 1753. The inhabitants consist
of about 40 Arab families, living in mud cottages,
erected within the spacious court of a once mag-
nificent temple. 100 m. S. E. of Aleppo. Lono
33. 50. E.. lat. 33. 20. N.

Palmyra, ph. Somerset Co. Me. 28 m. E. Nor-
ridgewock. Pop. 912; ph. Wayne Co. N. Y. Pop.
3.434 ; ph. Pike and Lebanon Co. Pa., Halifax Co.
N. C., Warren Co. Missouri, Montgomery Co.
Ten., Warren and Portage Cos. Ohio, Edwards
Co. llli. and Pike Co. Miss.

Palnaud, a district of Hindoostan, in the Car-
natic, ceded to the British in 1801, and included
in the collectorship of Guntoor. It is situate near
the river Kistna. Timerycotta is the principal
place.

Palos, a sea-port of Spain in Andalusia, with a
tolerable harbour ; celebrated as the place whence
Columbus sailed on his first adventurous voyage
in 1492. It is seated at the mouth of the Tinto,
50 m. W. by S. of Seville. Long. G. 52. W., lat.
37. 10. N.

Palos Cape, a promontory of Spain, in Murcia,

19 m. E. of Carthagena. Long. 0 40. W., lat. 37

37. N.

Palota, a fortified town of Hungary, 40 m.
S. by W. of Buda. Long. 18. 0. E., lat. 47. 0.

Palotza, a town of Hungary, situate on the Pop-
rah, 54 m. N. of Cassovia. Long. 21.20. E.. lat.
47. 42. N.

Palte, a famous lake of Thibet, lying to the S.
W. of Lassa, about 12 m. S. of the river Samboo.
It is represented as a wide trench, of about G m.
broad, surrounding an island 30 m. long and 20
broad. On the W. shore of this island is a mon-
astery, and the seat of the Lamissa Turcepamo,
or the Great Regenerate, in whom the Thibetians
think that a divine spirit is regenerated, as it is
in the Great Lama. The word lamissa, is the
feminine of lama, which signifies a priest.

Pamelia, a township of Jefferson Co. N. Y. Pop.
2,263.

Pamiers, a town of France, department of Ar-
riege, and a bishop’s see. In the vicinity is a
mineral spring. It is seated on the Arriege, 36
in. S. by E. of Toulouse. Long. 1. 35. E., lat.

43. 6. -N.

Pamlico Sound, a kind of inland sea, on the
coast of N. Carolina, 100 m. long and from 10 to

20 broad, separated in its whole length from the
Atlantic, by a beach of sand, hardly a mile wide.
It has several inlets, but that of Ocracoke, in lat.
35. 10. X., is the only one that will admit vessels
e>f burden.

Pampas, the name given in South Africa to
the wide prairies or plains South of the Rio de la
Plata. The great plain on the east of the Cor-
dilleras, is ahout 900 m. in breadth, and divided
into regions of different climate and produce. On
leaving Buenos Ayres, the first region is cover-
ed, for 180 m. with clover and thisUes ; the sec-
ond region (480 m.) produces long grass, without
a weed ; and the third, reaching the base of the
Cordilleras, is a grove of low trees and shrubs,
in which such beautiful order is observed that
one may gallop between them in every direction.
The two last have nearly the same appearance
throughout the year. The trees and shrubs are
evergreens, and the grass only changes from
green to brown. The first region varies with the
four seasons. In winter the leaves of the thistle
are luxuriant, and the whole surface has the ap-
pearance of a turnip field. The clover is also
rich and strong, and the wild cattle are grazing
at full liberty. In spring the clover has vanish-
ed, and the leaves of the thistle are extended.
In a month the whole region becomes a wood of
thistles, ten or eleven feet high, in full bloom.
The stems of the thistles are so close and strong,
that, independent of the prickles, they form an
impenetrable barrier, which has arisen so sudden-
ly, that an invading army might be imprisoned by
them. Before summer is over the thistles are
dead, and the violence of the pampero or hurri-
cane levels them with the ground, where they
rapidly decompose, and the clover again quickly
appears. If millions of inhabitants could be sud-
denly placed on these pampas they would have
nothing to do but to drive out their cattle to graze,
and without preparation plough what ground they
pleased. But they can hardly be said to be peo-
pled. Between the few settled inhabitants or
gauchos, and the roving Indians who inhabit
the south part of the pampas, a cruel extermina-
ting war is carried on. The Indians always on
horseback, are however, incapable of acting on
foot, and are easily repulsed. The climate of
the pampas is subject to great difference of tem-
perature, though the gradual changes are very
regular. The winter is as cold as an English No-
vember. The summer is very oppressively hot
But the whole pampas enjoy an atmosphere as
beautiful and salubrious as the most healthy parts
of Greece and Italy, without the malaria. The
south-west wind or pampero, generated by the
Andes, rushes over the plains with a violence
which it is almost impossible to withstand ; but
they make the weather afterwards particularly
healthy and agreeable.

Pampelonne, a town of France, department of
Tarn, 15 m. N. by E. of Alby.

Pampliega, a town of Spain, in Old Castile, 12
m. S. W. of Burgos.

Pampofa, or Pampduna, a cit.y of Spain, capi
tal of Upper Navarre, and a bishop’s see, with a.
strong citadel, and a university. The squares
are handsome, and adorned with shops full of
rich merchandise. It was taken by the French,
on their invasion of Spain; but surrendered to
the allied forces in 1831. It is seated on the Ar
ga, 47 m. S. of Bayonne and 197 N. E. of Madrid.
Long. 1. 42. W., lat. 42. 49. N.

Pamplona, a town of New Granada, famous
for mines of gold, and numerous flocks of sheep
in its vicinity. It is 150 m. N. by E. of Bo-
gota. Long. 71. 30. W., lat. 6. 30. N.

Panagia, a town of Romania, 14 m. N. of Gal-
lipoli.

Panama, a city and sea-port of Colombia. It
stands on a fine bay of its name, on the S. coast
of the isthmus of Darien, and contains a hand-
some cathedral, and a number of churches, con-
vents, and monasteries, Before the abolition of
the trade by the galleons, it was the emporium
for all the merchandise of Chile and Peru, intend