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can procure any place, or favour, from court, up-
on other conditions than banishing the Asiatic
sheep-skin robes. The worn-out veteran retires
with a pension, upon the express terms of never
again assuming the habit of' his fathers. But so
jealously attached are the multitude to former
manners, and so honorable do they esteem them,
that a Russian, dressed in his beard and gown,
acquires the greatest respect. The dress of the
women is the reverse of that of the men, both in
fashion and colour, every part of it being as short
and tight as decency will allow, and very gaudy.
It resembles that of tbe Highland women in Scot-
land. The Russian women are, however, far
more rich in their attire ; nor is gold lace want-
ing, any more than the art of painting, to com-
plete the Russian belle. The rising generation
are modernizing their antic vestments : the stiff
embroidered napkin is supplanted by one of flow-
ing silk ; the jacket and petticoat are of muslin,
or other fine stuffs; and the plaid is exchanged
for a silk or satin cloak, in the cold season lined
with fur. The richer class of females wear vel-
vet boots. The dress of the higher ranks is af-
ter the French and English fashion; and all must
have a covering of fur six months of the year.
Thus equipped, the prince and the peasant are
drawn in their chaises and sledges through the
dreary Scythian winter. The principal rivers
are the Dnieper, Volga, Don, Duna or Dwina,
and Oby. The sovereigns of Russia are absolute.
They were formerly called Grand Dukes, which
is still the title of the heir apparent. They after-
wards assumed the title of czar, and, in the se-
quel, that of emperor. The first who bore the ti-
tle of czar was Basil, son of John Basilides, who
freed his country from its subjection to the Tar-
tars, about the year 1470. The title of emperor
was first assumed by Peter I., who, by Jiis illus-
trious actions, justly acquired the surname, of
Great. He died in 1725, and perhaps no country
ever exhibited, in so short a time, the wonders
that may be effected by the genius and exertions
of one man. Peter the Great, at his accession to
the throne, found his subjects of all ranks involv-
ed in the grossest ignorance and barbarism ; his
’numerous armies ferocious and undisciplined;
antkhe had neither merchant ships nor men of
war; which, added to the remoteness of the situ-
ation, rendered the influence of Russia in the
politics of Europe of little consideration. Peter
civilized his barbarous subjects, disciplined his
armies, built cities and fortresses, and created a
navy. These national improvements have been
still further prosecuted since his time, and Rus-
sia now holds a rank among the nations of the
woild of which human foresight, at the com-
mencement of the 18th century, could have form-
ed no conception.
The population of European Russia is 45,633,
203, and of the whole empire 59,263,700. The
revenue is 52.003,000 d dlars and the national
debt 200,000,000. The military force in time of
peace is 600,000 men and in war above 1,000,000.
Petersburg is the capital of the whole empire.
Russia, ph. Herkimer Co. N. Y. 95 m. N. W.
Albanv. Pop. 2,458. Also atownship of Lorraine
Co. Ohio.
Rustgaden, a town of Sweden, in the govern-
ment of Fahlun, 23 m. S. S. W. of Fahlun.
Rutekester, a village in Northumberland, Eng.
the Vindobala ofthe Romans, containing some re-
markable ruins of its once considerable fort. Se-
verus's wall runs on the middle of the E. rampart
and Adrian’s vallum passes about the distance
of a chain to the S. of it. |
Rutherford, a county of N. Carolinia. Pop
17,557. Rutherfordton is the capital; a county
of W. Tennessee. Pop. 26,133. Murfreesborongh
is the capital.
Rutherfordton, ph. Rutherford Co. N. C. 216 m.
S. W. Raleigh.
Rutherglen, a borough of Scotland, in Lanark
shire, once a place of considerable note, but now
reduced to one principal street and a few lanes. It
is seated near the Clyde. 3 m. S. E. of Glasgow.
Ruthin, a town of Wales, in Denbighshire. It
had a strong castle, now in ruins, and is seated
on an eminence, by the river Clwyd, 15 m. S. W.
of Holywell, 205 N. W. ofLondon.
Rutigliano, a town of Naples, in Terra di Bari,
12 m. S. E. of Bari.
Rutlam, a town of Hindoostan, in the province
of Malwa, 48 m. W. of Ougein, 136 E. of Ameda
bad.
Rutland, a county ofVermont on L. Champlain
Pop. 31,295. Rutland is the capital.
Rutland, the capital of the above Co. stands on
Otter creek, 57 m. N. Bennington. Pop. 2,753; gh.
Worcester Co. Mass. 56 m. W. Boston. Pop.
1,276 ; ph. Jefferson Co. N. Y. on Black river
Pop. 2,339; ph. Meigs Co. Ohio 90 m. S. E. Co-
lumbus. Pop. 971.
Rutlandshire, the smallest county in England,
18 m. long and 14 broad. The number of inhabi-
tants in 1821 was 1*8,487. The soil varies much;
but, in general, is fertile, particularly the rich vale
of Catmose, which runs from the W. side to the
centre of the county. The principal rivers are
the Welland and the Guash or Wash. Oakham
is the county town.
Ruttunpour, a city of Hindoostan, in Orissa,
and the capital of a small district of its name. 210.
m. S. by W. of Benares and 360 W. of Calcutta.
Long. 82. 36. E., lat. 22. 16. N.
Ruizen, a town of Prussian Silesia, principality
of Wolan, 20 m. N. of Wolau.
Ruvo, a town of Naples, in Terra di Barri, 16
m. W. of Barri.
Roza, a town of Russia, in the government of
Moscow, 48 m. W. N. W. ofMoscow.
Ryaeotta, a town and fortress of Hindoostan, in
Mysore. It was taken in 1791 by the British, to
whom it was afterwards ceded by Tippoo Sultan.
85 m. E. of Seringapatam and 98 W. S. W. of
Arcot- Long. 78. 6. E., lat. 12. 26. N.
Ryan, Loch, a bay of Scotland, in the N. W an-
gle of Wigtonshire. The sea flows into it through
a narrow pass ; and it affords excellent anchorage.
Rydal, a fertile valley to N. Yorkshire, Eng. sc
called from the river Rye, which passes through
it and falls into the Swale, near Richmond.
Rydal-icater, a lake in Westmoreland, Eng. a
little to the W. of Ambleside. It is one mile in
length, spotted with little, islands and communi-
cates bv a narrow channel with Grasmere-water
to the W., and by the river Rothay with Winder-
mere-water, to the S.
Rydroog, a town and fortress of Hindoostan, in
Mysore, on the river Hindenny, 60 m. N. N. E.
of Chitteldroog. Long. 76. 52. E., lat. 14
40. N.
Rye, a borough and sea-port in Sussex, Eng.
It is an appendage to the cinque ports. On the
edge of the cliff is a small battery, and behind it
Ipres tower, a square bujlding, now a jail. The
old port is so choked up with sand that it can
admit only small vessels. In 1726 a new harbour |
