with forests, extends from E. to W. nearly
through its whole length ; but the remainder is a
fertile level country, producing wheat, barley,
maize, flax, hemp, madder, and a variety of fruits.
The eastern part is called Ratza, and the inhabi-
tants Rascians. These form a particular nation,
and are of the Greek church. The ancient Scla-
vonia contained rnanv large countries: some
have extended it from the Adriatic to the Euxine
Sea, and say that it had its name from the Sclavi,
a Scythian nation, who conquered Greece and
this country in the reign of emperor Justinian.
The language of Sclavonia is the mother of four
others; namely, those of Hungary, Bohemia, Po-
land, and Russia.

Scone, or Scoon, a village of Scotland, in Perth-
shire, noted for an ancient palace where the kings
of Scotland used to be crowned. It is situate on
the E. side of the river Tay, a mile N. of Perth.

Scopelo, an island of the Grecian Archipelago,
10 m. long, and 5 broad. It is very fertile, pro-
duces plenty of good wine, and contains 12,000
inhabitants. 5 m. S. of Sciati. Long. 23. 50.
E., lat. 39. 24. N.

Scopia, a town of Macedonia, and an archbish-
op’s see; seated on the Vardar, over which is a
bridge of 12 arches, 150 m. N. N. VV. of Salonica.
Long. 21. 45. E., lat. 42. 40. N.

Scotch Plains, p.v. Essex Co. N. Y. 42 m. N.
E. Trenton.

Sconondoa, p.v Oneida Co. N. Y. 112 m. W.
Albany.

Scotland, the northern of the two kingdoms
into which the island of Great Britain was for-
merly divided. It is bounded on the W. by the
Atlantic Ocean, N. by the North Sea, E. by the
German Ocean, S. E. by England, and S. by the
Irish Sea. To Scotland also appertain the islands
on its western coast called the Hebrides, or Wes-
tern Islands, and those to the N. E. called the
Orkney and Shetland Islands. From N. to S. it
extends 270 miles, and its greatest breadth is 150,
but in some places not above 30, and no part is
distant above 40 miles from the coast. It con-
tains about 18,000,000 of acres, and the number
of inhabitants in 1821 was 2,093,456. Scotland is
divided into two districts, the Highlands and
tne Lowlands; the former comprising the moun-

tainous part to the N. and N. W , and the latter
the more level district on the E. and S. E. But
nature seems to have pointed out three grand
divisions in Scotland. The first, or N. division,
is formed by a chain of lakes, which cross the
country, from the frith of Murray to the isl-
and of Mull, in a S. W. direction ; the sec-
ond, or middle division, is bounded on the
S. by the friths of Forth and Clyde, and the
great canal by which they are united ; and
on the S. side of this boundary is the third,
or S. division. The N. division is chiefly an as-
semblage of vast dreary mountains; not, how-
ever, without some fertile valleys on the north
ern and eastern shores. The middle division is
traversed in different directions, by several rang
es of mountains ; and though cultivation here is
also found chiefly on the eastern shore, yet of
this division, as wi 11 as of the former, the arable
land bears a small proportion to the mountainous
and barren tracts. The S. division lias a great
resemblance to England, and, with respect both to
the general aspect of the country and to the pro-
gress of cultivation, exhibits every kind of rural
variety. The civil division of the country is into
33 counties. The principal rivers are the Spey,
Don, Tay, Tweed, Clyde, Forth, Northern Dee
Esk, Annan, Nith, and Southern Dee. The
lochs, or lakes, are numerous, and some of them
extensive. Thte climate is very various. The
northern extremity, which is in the same latitude
with some parts of Norway, is extremely cold ;
but, from its insular situation, the fronts are far
from being so intense as in parts of the continent
equally as far to the N. Its W. coast is subject
to frequent rains in the summer, and to sudden
changes of weather. In many places on the east-
ern shore, and in the whole S. division, the climate
is not inferior to the N. part of England. The
products of the country are grain, flax, woods of
oak and fir, coal, lead, iron, freestone, limestone,
slate, the most beautiful marble, fine rock-crystals,
pearls, variegated pebbles, &c. It feeds vast herds
of cattle and flocks of sheep, which are much
valued for the delicacy of their flesh ; and tbe
fleece of the latter emulates the finest Spanish
wool. On the high grounds the cattle are very
diminutive; but in many parts of country the
horses and cows are not excelled in size and
beauty by those of the English breed. The stag,
or red deer which has disappeared from about
every other part of Europe is still found in this
country. Atnong the other wild animals are the
roe, fox, badger, otter, hedge-hog, rabbit, weasel,
mole, and other small quadrupeds. Among the
feathered race are the capercailzie, or the cock of
the wood, the eagle, falcon, partridge, quail, snipe,
plover, black game, &c. Scotland was governed
by a king before the Romans visited England, and
continued an independent kingdom till the death
of the English queen Elizabeth, when James VI.,
of Scotland, the most immediate heir, was called
to the throne of England, and constantly resided
in the latter : he and his successors called them-
selves kings of England and Scotland, and each
country having a separate parliament, till the year
1707, in the reign of queen Anne, when both
kingdoms were united under the general name of
Great Britain. The counties send one member
each to parliament, except Bute and Caithness,
Cromarty and Nairn, Kinross and Clackmannan,
which send members in conjunction ; so that the
counties send 30 members, which, with 15 sent
by the cities and boroughs, make the 45 com
moners sent by Scotland ; and 16 peers are elect-
ed to represent the nobility. The established re-
ligion is the presbyterian, which is modelled prin-
cipally after the Calvinisfical plan settled at Ge-
neva, and on a general principle of an equality
of ecclesiastical authority among its presbyters.