are known by a variety of names from the Cum-
berland Mountains of Tennessee, to the White
Mountains of New Hampshire, and the highlands
of Maine, but they may be considered as all con-
stituting one system. An inferior range of moun-
tains compared with these two are the Ozark and
Masserrie mountains, which may be regarded as
detached branches of the Mexican chain stretch-
ing northwestly into Missouri and Arkansas.
The rivers which water the different parts of the
United States are among the largest in the world,
and the Missouri from its source in the Rocky
Mountains to its outlet in the Gulf xc2xaef Mexico, is
the largest river on the globe. The rivers which
rise on the southeastern slope of the Apalachian
mountains, and flow into the Atlantic are not
comparable to the streams of the west for length,
yet are highly useful in navigation. The Atlantic
coast is indented by innumerable bays and har-
bours, affording vast advantages for commerce,
and the internal navigation of the country is as-
sisted by a great number of canals, the chief of
which are those uniting the great, lakes of Canada
with the rivers of the Atlantic and the Gulf of
Mexico. The varieties of climate, soil, natural
productions and agricultural industry, will be
found minutely specified under the heads of the
several states. For exact statistical details the
reader is referred to the tables in the Appendix.

The population of the United States at the
census of 1830 was 12,856,165, excluding the
Indians. Since 1790 it has increased on an average
one third every ten years. The number of In-
dians is estimated at 313.000. The commercial
imports for 1830 were 70,876,920 dollars ; the
exports of domestic produce 59,462,029 dolfar* ;
total exports 73,849,508. The enrolled and licen-
sed shipping at the end of the year 1828 amcv.nt-
ed to 1,741,391 tons. The navy consists of 7 snips
ofthe line, 12 frigates and 13 sloops of war and
several small vessels. There are 5 ships of the
line and 6 frigates in building. The army is
restricted by law to 6,186 men.

Since 1810 there appears to have been no at-
tempt at an exact estimation of the annual value
of manufactures. At that period they were com-
puted at above 170,000,000 dollars; their value at
present is doubtless quadrupled. The money coin-
ed at the mint of the United States in 1831 was
3.923,473 dollars. The public debt is expected to
be paid off in the course of the present year, 1832.
The total expenditure of the U. S. government
for 1830 was 12,729,533 dollars. The nett revenue
for the same year was 22,697.679 dollars. There
are in the U. S. 48 colleges, 21 Theological semi-
naries, 7 medical schools, 9 law schools, and above

12,000 churches ; of which the Baptist and Meth-
odists have together 4,484, the Presbyterians 1,472,
the Congregationalists 1,331, the Episcopalians
932, the Catholics 784, the Dutch Reformed 602,
he Quakers 562, the Universalists298, the Luthe-
rans 240, the Unitarians 127, the Calvinistic Bap-
tists 84, the Swedenborgians 73, the Moravians 56,
and the Jews 96 synagogues.

The United States form together a federal
republic. Each state is independent, and has
a separate legislature, executive, and judiciary ;
but the defence of the country, the regulation of
commerce, and the general interests of the confed-
eracy, are entrusted to the general government.
The legislative power is vested in a congress,
composed of a senate, consisting of 2 members
from each state, chosen hy the state.legislatures for
6 years; and of a house of representatives, elect-
ed by the people for 2 years. The exeouitve
power is vested in a president, who, together with
a vice president, is chosen for 4 years by electors
from all the states. The principal subordinate
officers in the executive department, are the sec-
retaries of state, of the treasury, of war, and of the
navy. The judiciary is independent of the legisla-
ture. The supreme court is composed of 7 judges.
All power originates with the people. The con-
stitution secures to the citizens the grand princi-
ples of freedom, liberty of conscience in matters
of religion, liberty of the press, trial by jury, and
the right of choosing and being chosen to office.
Washington is the capital.

These States were most of them originally col-
onies of Great Britain. The first settlement made
by the English was in Virginia in 1607 : although
Florida afterwards acquired by the United States
from the Spaniards,was settled earlier. The oldest
American town is St. Augustine which was foun-
ded about the year 1564. The dates of the settle-
ment of the several states and their local histories
will be found under the head of each. In 1775
the attempt of the British government to tax the
colonies without their consent caused a revolt,and
the Independence of the American states was de-
clared on the 4th of July 1776, a desperate war
with the mother country followed, but it was
found impossible by the British to bring the
Americans to submission, and in 1783 peace was
concluded, and the independence of the states ac-
knowledged by the king of Great Britain. The
States enjoyed their separate independent gov-
ernments till 1788 when the present constitution
and federal government were established.

Unitia, p.v. Blount Co.'Ten.

Unity, ph. Waldo Co. Me. on the Kennebec,
30 m. above Augusta. Pop. 1,299 ; p.v⁷. Sullivan
Co. N. H. 32 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,258.
A township of Westmoreland Co. Pa; p.v. Mont-
gomery Co. Maryl. a township of Columbiana Co.
Ohio.

Unna, a river of European Turkey, which rises
in Bosnia, on the frontiers of Croatia, passes by
W’ihitsch, and joins the Save, 16 m. above Gra-
disca.

Unnary, a town of Sweden, in the province of
Smoland, 43 m. W. of Mexio.

Unst, the most northern of the Shetland Isl-
ands, lO m. long and 4 broad, and more level than
the other isles. It feeds many sheep, horned
cattle, and hogs ; and about 80 tons of cured fish
are annually exported. Long. 1. 10. W., lat. 61.
10. N.

Unterseen, a town of Switzerland, in the canton
of Bern, near which is the famous cavern, of St.
Pat. It is seated on the river Aar, between the
lakes Brientz and Thun, 25 m. S. S. E. of
Bern.    xe2x80xa2

Unza, a town of Russia, in the province of the
same name, in the government of Kostroma. It
is situate on the river Unza, 92 m. E. N. E. of
Kostroma.

Upland, a province of Sweden, between Suder-
mania, Westmania, Gestricia, and the Baltic. It
is 70 m. long and 45 broad, contains an area of
500 sq. m., with 250,000 inhabitants, and is ex
tensively covered with shapeless stones and im-
penetrable woods, but enriched with inexhaustible
mines of co'pper, iron , and silver. Stockholm is
the capital.

Upper, a township of St. Lawrence Cc. Ohio.

Upper Dublin, a township of Montgomery C-o
Pa.

3 R