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7, 1767. 92 miles N. E. from Concord, and 40
N. from Ossipee.
Chatham, N. J., Morris co. The Passaic River
waters this town. Surface uneven, Long Hill
lying in the S. part. 56 miles N. N. E. from
Trenton.
Chatham, N. Y,, Columbia co. Watered by
Kinderhook Creek. The surface is hilly, and
there is a great variety of soils. 22 miles S. E.
from Albany, and 16 N. E. from Hudson.
Chatham, Pa., Tioga co. Surface undulating;
soil well adapted to grazing.
Chattahoochee, Fa„ Gadsden co. On the E. side
of the Appalachicola River. 45 miles W. from
Tallahassee. There is here aUnited States arsenal.
Chattanooga, Te., Hamilton co. 141 miles S.
E. from Nashville. The railroad from the
northern boundary of Georgia to Nashville (con-
necting with Decatur, Augusta, Macon, and
Savannah) crosses the Tennessee at this point.
Chattooga County, Ga., c. h. at Summerville,
In the N. W. corner of the state, bordering on
Alabama. Surface mountainous ; soil rich on the
borders of the streams.
Chaumont, N. Y., Jefferson co. At the head
of Chaumont Bay, on the E. end of Lake On-
tario. Has a fine harbor, and derives good
water power from Chaumont River. Blue lime-
stone, for building, is found here. 178 miles N.
W. from Albany.
Chautauque County, N. Y., c. h. at Chautauque.
The most W. county in the state. Bounded N.
by Lake Erie, and S. and W. by Pennsylvania.
Watered by Chautauque, Cassadaga, and Bear
Lakes, and" by Chautauque, Canadawa, French,
Silver, Cassadaga, and Connewango Creeks, and
the outlet to Chautauque Lake. The surface is
hilly, a ridge extending parallel to the lake, and
at a distance'of from five to eight miles from it,
which is elevated in some places to the height of
1400 feet. The soil is fertile, especially along
the borders of the lake and principal streams.
There are several gas springs in this county,
some giving forth carburetted and others sul-
phuretted hydrogen gas. The most remarkable
localities of the former are at Fredonia, West-
field, and Van Buren Harbor. Bog iron ore,
alum, copperas, and shell marl are also found in
considerable quantities.
Chautauque, N. Y., c. h. Chautauque co. It is
watered by Chautauque Lake on the E., and by
Chautauque Creek and its branches on the W.
The surface is high and uneven ; the soil fertile,
producing large crops of grass and grain. 336
miles W. from Albany.
Chazy, N. Y., Clinton co. On the W. shore of
Lake Champlain. Watered by Chazy and Little
Chazy Rivers.' The surface is hilly on the W.,
but grows level as it approaches the lake. The
soil is mostly good, and in some parts very fertile.
10 miles N. from Plattsburg, and 176 N. from Al-
bany. On the Plattsburg and Montreal Railroad.
Chelmsford, Ms., Middlesex co. Chelmsford
was granted, in 166-3, to some persons in Woburn
and Concord, and comprised the territory of
Westford and Lowell. Its Indian name was
Pawtucket. There is a great variety of soil in
the town; some of it is good and productive, but
a large part is broken, sandy, and swampy.
This place is noted for its beautiful granite and
limestone. Middlesex village, at the head of
Middlesex Canal, is a pleasant place. The
village of North Chelmsford lies on the banks
of the Merrimae, and is very pleasant; it con-
tains a depot on the Nashua Railroad, 4 miles
W. from Lowell, and 30 N. W. from Boston. |
Chelsea, Ms., Suffolk co. This town was for-
Chelsea, Me., Kennebec co. A new town, formed
in 1850 from a part of Hallowell.
Chelsea, Ms., Suffolk co. This town was for-
merly a part of Boston, and now forms a part
of the county of Suffolk. For nearly a century
of the difficulties attending getting to and from
Boston. At the time of its incorporation, it
required, with a team, a journey of more than
20 miles, although the distance across the water
was less than one and a half miles. Since
the steam ferry and other avenues have been
opened, the town has grown rapidly. It contained,
in 1852, about 7500 inhabitants. A new and
delightful village has sprung up in the vicinity
of the ferry, since 1830. containing over 1200
buildings, erected on spacious streets, with side-
walks, lamps, &c., giving the place the appear-
ance of a city, with the pleasant, shaded walks
of a suburban park.
The surface of the town is broken into several
beautiful eminences, affording delightful views of
Boston,Charlestown, Bunker Hill, Medford, Lynn,
Nahant, and Boston Harbor. Powder Horn Hill,
about 2 miles from the ferry, is 220 feet in height.
The principal manufactures of Chelsea are of
leather, steam engines, steam boilers, salamander
safes, iron castings, boots and shoes, bricks, and
other articles. There are ship yards and boat
builders' shops.
The United States Marine Hospital and the
Naval Hospital, in this town, are on large plots
of ground, in delightful and airy situations, and
afford comfortable retreats for sick and disabled
seamen of the navy and merchant service.
Winnesiqjet Ferry, leading from the foot of
Hanover Street, in Boston, to this town, is prob-
ably the oldest establishment of the kind in
America. The first grant was given to Thomas
Williams, in 1631. The distance across Charles
River is about a.mile and a third. The average
number of passengers daily crossing the ferry is
over 3000.
Chelsea, Yt., Orange co. This is the shire
town, and is a township of good land, with a
pleasant village in the centre. It is watered by
the head branches of White River, and has a good
hydraulic power. This town was formerly called
Turnersburg. Improvements were commenced
here in the spring of 1784, by Thomas and Sam-
uel Morse, and Asa Bond, who, the next spring,
brought in their families from Winchester, N. H.
20 miles S. by E. from Montpelier.
Chemung County, N. Y., c. h. at Elmira. Bound-
ed N. by Tompkins, and E. by Tioga co., S. by
the state of Pa., and W. by Steuben co. Wa-
tered by Chemung River, Cayuta and Newtown
Creeks, and the inlet of Seneca Lake. Surface
hilly and broken; soil fertile along the borders
of the streams, and of good quality on the uplands.
The Chemung Canal runs through this county,
connecting Seneca Lake with the Chemung River,
and there is a navigable feeder extending into
Steuben co. It is also crossed by the New York
and Erie Railroad.
Chemung, N. Y., Chemung co. On the Che-
mung River, along the valley of which are fine
alluvial flats. The rest of the surface is hilly and
broken. In the S. E. part, near the bank of the
river, is a remarkable elevation called “ Spanish |
