Laurens, S. C., c. h. Laurens district. On the
ridge which separates the waters of Ennoree
and Saluda Rivers. 70 miles N. W. by W. fron#
Columbia.

Lausanne, Pa., Northampton co. Watered by
Lehigh River and Laurel Run. Surface moun-
tainous ; soil gravelly and sterile. The Beaver
Meadow coal mine is in Spring Mountain, in this
town. 100 miles E. N. E. from Harrisburg.

La Vacca County, Ts. S. central part of the
state.

Lawrence County, Aa., c. h. at Moulton. Bound-
ed by the Tennessee River, separating it from
Lauderdale co., E. by Morgan, S. by Walker,
and W. by Franklin co. Watered by Big Nance
and Town Creeks and branches, and by the head
branches of Black Warrior River.

Lawrence County, As., c. h. at Jackson. Bound-
ed N. by Missouri and Randolph co., E. by Cache
River, separating it from Greene co., S. by Jack-
son and Independence, and W. by Izard and Ful-
ton counties. Drained by Big Black, Current,
and Strawberry Rivers. Surface level in the E.
and uneven in the W. portions.

Lawrence County, Ky., c. h. at Louisa. Bound-
ed N. by Carter co., E. by Big Sandy River, sep-
arating it from Virginia, S. by Johnson, and W.
by Morgan co. Little Sandy River and Blane's
Creek drain this county, affording important wa-
ter power. Soil fertile.

Lawrence County, Is., c. h. at Lawrenceville.
Incorporated in 1821. Bounded N. by Crawford
co., E. by the Wabash River, separating it from
Indiana, S. by Wabash co., and W. by Richland
co. Watered by Fox and Embarrass Rivers and
Raccoon Creek. The land is excellent in some
portions, but that on the borders of the streams is
liable to inundation.

Lawrence County, la., c. h. at Bedford. Bound-
ed N. by Monroe, E. by Jackson and Washing-
ton, S. by Orange, and W. by Martin and Greene
counties. White river, Salt, Guthrie's, Leather-
wood and Beaver Creeks water the surface,
which is mostly hilly. The streams afford wa-
ter power.

Lawrence, Ms., Essex co. 26 miles N. J W.
from Boston. Population, 1850, 8500. Pro-
jected by the Essex Company, in 1844, and in-
corporated as a town in 1847. It contains 1980
acres on the S. side of Merrimac River, taken
from Andover, and 2050 acres on the north side,
taken from Methuen. The Essex Company was
organized in April, 1845, and the following offi-
cers constituted its first board : Hon. Abbott Law-
rence, president; Messrs. Patrick T. Jackson,
William Sturgis, Nathan Appletohj John A.
Lowell, and Ignatius Sargent, directors; and
Charles S. Storrow, treasurer and chief engineer.
The Essex Company have created a water power,
by the erection of a stone dam, laid in cement,
35 feet thick at base, 12 feet 6 inches at crest, 900
feet long between abutments, with wings respec-
tively 324 feet and 405 feet, giving an effective
head and fall of 28 feet for the whole Merrimac
River, and a water power equal to that at Low-
ell, which is about 10 miles above, on the same
river. Cost of dam, $250,000. From this dam
they convey water for manufacturing purposes,
by a canal on the N. side of the river, 5330 feet
in length, 100 feet wide at the upper end, 60 feet
wide at the lower end, and 12 feet deep in the
centre. This canal is parallel with the river, at
a distance of 400 feet, giving that space for mill
54
sites. The following manufacturing companies
are in operation: —

Atlantic Cotton Mills. Capital, $1,800,000.
Manufacture coarse sheetings and shirtings.

45.000 spindles, 1200 looms, employ 1000 oper-
atives, and consume 13,000 bales of cotton per
annum.

Bay State Mills. Capital, $1,800,000. Manu-
facture woollen goods of all kinds. 98 sets of
cards, 379 broad, 213 narrow looms, employ 2100
operatives. Amount of wool consumed equal to

12.000 lbs. American fleece per day.

Essex Company's Machine Shop. Make steam
engines, locomotives, cotton and woollen ma-
chinery of all kinds; employ 500 to 800 hands.

Charter Paper Company. Manufacture printed
paper hangings.    ,

Besides these concerns, there is a mill of the
Plymouth Duck Company, which contains about
5000 spindles.

The Pacific Mills, for the manufacture of fine
lawns and barege de laines for printing. 50,000
spindles, 1000 looms.

The Essex Company are still the owners of
the principal part of the land and water power.
Capital, $1,500,000.

The Lawrence Gas Light Company furnish
gas for lighting the mills and public buildings.
Present capital, $55,000.

Other smaller manufactures, of various kinds,
are in operation, the most prominent of which
are a steam saw mill, card factory, file shop, a
piano-forte factory, a carriage factory, and a steam
planing mill.

The school department consists of 1 high
school, 2 grammar, 2 mixed, 6 middle, and
7 primary schools. 28 teachers are employed,
and 1700 scholars are enrolled. Annual cost
$10,000. The Town Hall is a handsome brick
edifice, 121 feet by 64 feet, and 55 feet high,
containing the town offices on the lower floor,
and the town hall above, with seats for 1500
people.

Ten religious societies have been organized;
seven of which have built handsome churches.
A reservoir has been constructed, at a height of
150 feet above the level of water in the canal,
containing 1,395,000 gallons, to supply water in
case of fire. This reservoir is kept filled by the
force pumps of the different mills.

Six lines of railway diverge from this place
to Boston, Salem, Newburyport, Dover, Portland,
Manchester, N. H., and Lowell, affording unsur-
passed facilities for intercourse and business.

A common, of 18 acres, in the centre of the
town, has been presented to it by the Essex
Company, and trees have been planted, and walks
laid out, for the benefit of future inhabitants.

A generous donation of 4 acres of land, in the
centre of the town, has been made by the Hon.
Daniel A. White, of Salem, the proceeds to be
applied to the maintenance of a course of public
lectures, and also of a public library, for the
benefit of the citizens.

This town received its name in honor of the
Lawrence family, well-known merchants of Bos-
ton, originally from Groton, to whose intelligence
and enterprise the progress of Massachusetts in
manufactures has been greatly indebted. The
Hon. Abbott Lawrence, one of its members, has
ably represented the country at the court of St.
James, and, as well as his elder brother, Amos,
the founder of the family, has been greatly dis-