merly called Brooklyn Village, being included
within the township of that name. For a few
years after 1830, it had the most rapid increase of
any town in the state, and bade fair to outstrip its
older and wealther sister and rival in the spirit of
enterprise and improvement, if not in amount of
business. It was incorporated as a city in 1836.
It has many elegant mansions, and extensive
blocks of stores, shops, warehouses, &c. The
edifice of the Episcopal Church here is a Gothic
stone building, of great beauty. There are other
churches of the Presbyterian and Methodist de-
nominations. Population in 1840, 1577 ; in
1850, including the township, 6375.

Ohio, Pa., Alleghany co. Little Beaver Creek
flows through this town, and enters the Ohio River
at its S. W. corner. Surface undulating; soil
rich alluvion and loam. 10 miles S. W. from
Beaver.

Ohio County, Va., c. h. at Wheeling. Bounded
N. by Brooke co., E. by Pennsylvania, S. by
Marshall co., and W. by the Ohio River, separat-
ing it from Ohio. Drained by Wheeling Creek
and other small branches of the Ohio. Surface
rough and hilly; soil fertile, and the alluvial
bottoms on the Ohio are very rich.

Oil Creek, Pa., Crawford co. Oil Creek and its
branches water this town, which is situated 227
miles N. W. by W. from Harrisburg.

Oktibbeha County, Mi., c. h. at Starksville.
Bounded N. by Chickasaw and Monroe counties,
E. by Lowndes, S. by Noxubee and Winston, and
W. by Choctaw co. Watered by Oktibbeha
River and Runnaway Creek.

Old Codorus, Pa., York co. Codorus Creek and
its branches water this town. Surface undulat-
ing: soil gravelly, and rather poor. 10 miles
S. W. from York.

Oldham County, Ky., c. h. at La Grange. Bound-
ed N. by Trimble, E. by Henry and Shelby, S. by
Jefferson co., and W. by the OhioRiver, separating
it from Indiana. The head streams of Floyd's
Fork, of Salt River, Harrod's Creek, and other
small branches of the Ohio, water this county.

Oldtown. Me., Ponobscot co. See Orono.

Old Point Comfort, Va., Elizabeth City co.,
occupies the N. point at the entrance of James
River, lying opposite and 3 miles distant from
Willoughby Point. The fort, called also Fortress
Monroe, is 1 mile from Fort Calhoun, on the Rip
Raps. The village beach is a favorite summer
resort. 97 miles E. S. E. from Richmond.

Old Washington, Aa., c. h. Washington co.

Olean, N. Y., Cattaraugus co. The Alleghany
River and some of its tributaries water this town.
Surface hilly, and heavily timbered with pine;
soil sandy loam. 20 miles S. E. from Ellicott-
ville, and 288 S. of W. from Albany.

Oley, Pa., Berks co. The head branches of
Manatawny and Manookisy Creeks water this
town, the surface of which is level, and the soil
fertile calcareous loam. 62 miles E. from Harris-
burg.

Olive, N. Y., Ulster co. Watered by Esopus
Creek. Surface mountainous and uneven, being
broken on the W. by spurs of the Catskill Range.
Soil gravel and clay loam. 12 miles W. from
Kingston, and 68 S. W. from Albany.

Olney, Is., c. h. Rutland co.

Oneida County, N. Y., Rome, Utica, and Whites-
town shire towns. It was formed from Herkimer
co. in 1798. Bounded N. by Lewis, E. by Her-
kimer, S. by Madison, and W. by Madison and
64

Oswego counties, and watered by Black and
Mohawk Rivers, Oneida Lake, and Oneida, Oris-
kany, Sadaquada, Fish, and Wood Creeks. Sur-
face pleasantly diversified with hills and fertile
valleys ; soil mostly very fertile, being well
adapted to grain. Iron ore, argillaceous clay,
gypsum, water limestone, peat, and marl occur
in great abundance. There are also many min-
eral and gas springs of considerable importance.
The Erie and Chenango Canals, and Utica and
Schenectady, and Syracuse and Schenectady Rail-
roads pass through this county.

Oneonta, N. Y., Otsego co. Watered by the
Susquehanna River, and Charlotte River, and
Otego Creek, flowing into it. Surface hilly and
broken, with broad and fertile flats along the
borders of the Susquehanna. 20 miles S. from
Cooperstown, and 80 S. of W. from Albany.

Onondaga County, N. Y., c. h. at Syracuse.
Formed from Herkimer co. in 1794. It is bounded
on the N. by Oswego, E. by Madison, S. by Cort-
land and Cayuga, and W. by Cuyuga co. Watered
by Oneida Lake on the N. E., near the centre by
Onondaga Lake, and W. by Cross. Skaneateles,
and Otisco Lakes. Seneca and Oneida Eivers
unite to form Oswego River in this county, which
is also watered by several other fine mill streams.
Surface level on the N.,but more hilly on the S.; soil
chiefly a mixture of calcareous loam and vegetable
mould, and very fertile. Brine springs are very
numerous, giving employment to a great number
of people, and yielding a large revenue to the state.
There are also several sulphur springs, and oxide
of iron, marl, gypsum, and water limestone exist
in abundance. The Oswego Canal unites at Syra-
cuse with the Erie Canal, which extends through
the county. The Syracuse and Utica and Auburn,
and Syracuse Railroads also run nearly parallel
with the Erie Canal.

Onondaga, N. Y., Onondaga co. Watered by
a creek of the same name. Surface hilly ; soil
rich clay loam. 5 miles S. from Syracuse, and
135 W. from Albany.

Onslow County, N. C., c. h. at Onslow. Bound-
ed N. and E. by Jones and Carteret counties, S.
by the Atlantic Ocean, and W. by New Hanover
and Duplin counties. Drained by New River and
its tributaries. Surface low and flat.

Onslow, N. C., c. h. Onslow co.

Ontanagon River Settlement, Mn. Ontanagon
River Settlement is situated at the mouth of that
river, and is about 20 miles to the westward of Ke-
waiwona Point. This place owes its prosperity to
the discovery of several valuable mines, about 15
miles up the stream. These were discovered by
miners between the years 1845 and 1848, and
have been opened to considerable extent, and
some of them have begun to give returns that in-
dicate that they will prove profitable to the stock-
holders. Notwithstanding the failure and disap-
pointment of many of the mining companies,
the fact of valuable deposits of copper in this
vicinity is now established beyond question,
and the mining operations are extending from
year to year. The Ontanagon is one of the
largest rivers that pour their waters into Lake
Superior. Its waters are quite dark colored, from
peaty matter taken up by the water in its course.
The -dark-brown hue of this stream may be traced
in Lake Superior for some miles from the mouth
of the river. There is no bar that will prevent
boats from entering this stream, but they cannot
go up far on account of the falls. The soil on