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face flat and alluvial on the E., and hilly on
the W.
Caldwell Count;/, Mo., c. h. at Ear West. N. W.
part. Drained by Shoal Creek, which affords
good water power. Surface mostly level; soil
fertile.
Caldwell County, N. C., c. h. at Lenoir. W.
part of the state. At the E. foot of the Blue
Ridge. Watered by Yadkin River. Surface
broken ; the Blue Ridge lying on its N. border.
On the borders of the river, however, are broad
and fertile flats.
Caldwell, N. Y., c. h. Warren co. Watered by
several small streams flowing into Lake George,
which bounds it on the E. The surface is hilly
and mountainous, the Palmertown ridge crossing
the S. E. part. Many interesting events, both of
the old French war and of the revolution, are asso-
ciated with some of the localities in this towrf.
(See Lake George, p.' 195.) 62 miles N. from
Albany.
Caldwell, N. J., Essex co. Watered by Deep
and Green Brooks, branches of the Passaic, and
good mill streams. Surface, except on the mar-
gins of the streams, rolling and mountainous.
Caldwell County, Ts., c. h. at Lockhart. Cen-
tral part of the state. On the upper waters of
the Guadaloupe River.
Caledonia, N. Y., Livingston co. Watered by
Genesee River and an excellent mill stream, rising
from a spring in this town. Surface somewhat
uneven; soil calcareous loam. 10 miles N. from
Genesee, and 228 N. of W. from Albany.
Caledonia County, Yt., c. h. at Danville. N. E.
part. The eastern range of the Green Mountains
extends through the western part of the county.
It is watered by many fine streams, but the Con-
necticut, on its S. E. border, and the Passumpsie,
are its chief rivers. A large part of the county is
high and good land; that along the rivers is ex-
cellent. There are some sulphur springs in this
county; limestone and granite are abundant. The
Passumpsie Railroad connects it with Boston
and New York.
Calhoun County, Fa., c. h. at St. Joseph. W.
part. At the mouth of the Appalachicola River.
Surface mostly level; soil sandy.
Calhoun County, Is., c. h. at Gilead. In the
angle formed by the junction of the Illinois and
Mississippi. The surface consists of table land,
with strips of alluvion.
Calhoun County, Mn., c. h. at Marshall. This
county was incorporated in 1833, and is bounded
N. by Barry and Eaton, E. by Jackson, S. by Hills-
dale county and Branch, and W. by Kalamazoo
county. Watered by St. Joseph's and Kalamazoo
Rivers, which afford extensive water power. Sur-
face undulating, containing large quarries of
sandstone; soil fertile, sandy loam.
Calhoun County, Ts. On the coast between
La Vacca Bay and the River Guadaloupe.
Calaway County, Mo., c. h. at Fulton. East
central. On the N. bank of the Missouri River.
Drained by Big and Little Au Vase Creeks.
Surface undulating; soil fertile.
Callaway County, Ky., c. h. at Wadesboro'. W.
part. In the W. angle between the state of Ten-
nessee and the Tennessee River. It is crossed
through the middle by Clark's River.
Calumet County, Wn., c. h. at Calumet. E. part.
On the N. E. shore of Lake Winnebago. Drained
by the head branches of the Manitoowa River.
Calvert County, Md., c, h. at Prince Frederic.
40 |
S. E. part. Between Patuxent River and Chesa-
peake Bay. Surface undulating.
Cambria County, Pa., c. h. at Ebensburg. S.
W. central. Between the Laurel Ridge and the
Alleghanies. Watered by the W. branch of the
Susquehanna and the head branches of Kiski-
minitas or Connemaugh River. Surface rough
and mountainous; soil tolerably good.
Cambria, N. Y., Niagara co. Mostly level.
Watered by several small streams. 7 miles W.
from Lockport, and 283 N. of W. from Albany.
Cambria, Pa., Cambria co. Watered by Black
Lick Creek and the N. branch of Little Conne-
maugh River. Surface hilly; soil sand and clay.
Cambridge, Me., Somerset co.
Cambridge, Md., c. h. Dorchester co. On the
S. side of Chop tank River, 12 miles from its en-
trance into Chesapeake Bay. 61 miles S. E.
from Annapolis.
Cambridge, Ms. City and one of the seats of
justice of Middlesex co. This is the seat of
Cambridge University, the oldest and best en-
dowed of the colleges in the United States. It
may be divided into three parts — Old Cam-
bridge, where the college is situated, about 3
miles W. from Boston; Cambridgeport, a flour-
ishing village, about midway between Boston and
Old Cambridge ; and East Cambridge, where
the county buildings are located, immediately
connected with Boston by Cragie's Bridge over
Charles River; also with the city of Charles-
town bv a bridge. Population in 1790, 2115;
.1800,2453; 1810,2323; 1820,3295; 1830,6072;
1840,8409; 1850,15,215.
Cambridge is one of the oldest towns in New
England. It was incorporated in 1630, by the
name of Newtown. It took the name of Cam-
bridge in 1638. It has ever been closely con-
nected with Boston in all its literary, intellectual,
and political relations ; and, were it not for mu-
nicipal distinctions, might be considered as vir-
tually an integral part of the metropolis. Old
Cambridge especially constitutes one of the very
beautiful suburbs of Boston. (For a notice of
the university, the reader is referred to Colleges.)
The university buildings are pleasantly, though
somewhat irregularly, situated. Some have quite
a venerable appearance; and others, which
are newer, particularly the library building,
are among the finest specimens of architecture
in the country. A large proportion of the
houses in Old Cambridge are of the most ele-
gant description, being built and located, even
when they are not very costly, with a just regard
to the principles of taste. They are often em-
bowered in the most beautiful trees and shrub-
bery. There are several handsome houses of pub-
lic worship in the vicinity of the College Green.
Cambridgeport, as its name implies, is a more
crowded and bustling mart of business. There
are, however, many very pretty streets here, and
many elegant and costly houses. There are
several handsome meeting houses, the town-
house, and other public buildings.
East Cambridge, formerly known as Lech-
mere's Point, opposite the N.W. part of Boston,
is also a business part of the city, and has risen
into consequence within a few years. It con-
tains six or eight places of worship, the court
house, jail, and house of correction. Here are
the extensive glass works of the New England
Glass Company; also soap, candle, and brush
factories, and a great variety of other manufac- |
