foot ofa mountain, near the Duero, 38 m. E.
S. E. of Valladolid. Long. 4. 0. W., lat. 41.

33. N.

Pegnafirme, a town of Portugal, in Estremadu-
ra, at the mouth ofthe Mongola, 36 m. N. N. W.
of Lisbon.

Pegnaflor, a town of Spain, in Asturias, seat-
ed on the Pravia, 8 m. N. W. of Oviedo. 9

Pegnaflor, a town of Spain, in Andalusia, 48 m.
N. E. of Seville.

Pegnagarcia, a towin of Portugal, in Beira,
26 m. E. ofCastel Branco.

Pagnamacor, a fortified town of Portugal, in
Beira, with a castle, 31 m. E. N. E. of Castel
Branco. Long. 6. 52. W., lat. 40. 6. N.

Pegnaranda, a town of Spain, in Old Castile, 39
tn. S. by E. of Burgos.xe2x80x94Another, 33 m. N. N.
W. of Avila.

Pegnitz, a town of Bavarian Franconia, on a
river of the same name, near its source, 10 m. S.
of Bayreuth.

Pegnon de Velez, a sea-port and fortress of Mor-
occo, seated on a rock in the Mediterranean, near
the towin of Velez. It was built by the Spaniards
in 1508, taken by the Moors in 1522, and retaken
in 1664. It is 73 m. S. E.of Ceuta. Long. 4. 16.
W., lat. 35. 12. N.

Pegu, a province of Birmah, bounded N. by
Arracan and Ava, W. and S. by the bay of Ben-
gal, and E. by Siam. It is very fruitful in corn,
roots, pulse, and fruits: its other products are
teak timber, elephants, elephants’ teeth, bees-
wax, lac, saltpetre, iron, lead, tin. petroleum,
very fine rubies, small diamonds, and plenty of
lead. The inhabitants are generally of low stat-
ure and have small eyes. The woman are much
fairer than the men, small, but well proportioned.
In the low flat part of the country, which is liable
to be overflowed^ the houses are built upon stakes,
and in time of inundation the inhabitants commu-
nicate with each other by boats. Pegu was long
an independent kingdom, and, in 1752, conquered
ihe kingdom of Birmah ; but Alompra, whom the
king of Pegu had continued as chief at Moncha-
bou, soon afterwards revolted, and in 1757 reduc-
ed Pegu to a dependent province.

Pegu, a city of the above province, erected on
the site of the former city which wins ruined hv
Alompra in 1757. The ancient city w-as a quad-
rangle, each side measuring nearly a mile and a
half, and surrounded by strong walls and other
fortifications, now in ruins. The magnificent tem-
ple of Shoemadoo still exists as a monument of
its ancient greatness. The present city occupies
about one-fourth of the former area. On the N.
and E. sides it borders on the old wall, and is
fenced round by a stockade. It is seated on a
river of the same name, 300 m. S. of Ummera-
poora. Long 96. 11. E., lat. 17. 40. N.

Pei-ho, or Wkite-river, a river of China, in Pe-
tche-li, which passes near Pekin, and by the cities
of Tong-tchou and Tiensing, into the Yellow Sea.
The tide flows 110 m., and frequently submerges
the flat country on its banks.

Peina, a town of Hanover, in the principality of
Hildesheim, with a palace and a Capuchin con-
vent. 20 m. E. of Hanover.

Peipus, or Tchudskoi, a large lake of Russia,
setween the governments of Petersburg and Livo-
nia. The river Naurova issues from this lake, by
which it has a communication at Narva with the
julf of Finland.

Peishore, or Peshawar, a town of Afghanistan,
capital of a fine and populous district of its name.

The inhabitants are estimated at 100,CM). Here
the Hon. M. S. Elphinston had his audience
with the Afohan king in 1809. 95 m. S. S. E.
of Cabul. Long. 70. 37. E., lat. 33. 32. N.

Peiskretscham, a town of Prussian Silesia, in
the government of Oppeln, 39 m. S. E. of Op-
peln.

Peitz, a town of Prussia, in the Ucker mark ol
Brandenburg, with manufactures of cloth and
yarn ; and in the neighbourhood are iron-works
It stands on the Maukse, which runs into the
Spree, 10 m. N. N. E. of Cotbus and 37 S. S. E.
of Frankfort.

Pekin, the capital of the empire of China, in
the province of Pe-tche-li. Its name signifies the
Northern Court, to distinguish it from Nan-king,
the Southern Court, where the emperor formerly
resided. This capital forms an oblong square,
and is divided into two cities; one inhabited by
Chinese, the other by Tartars. Those two cities,
exclusive of the suburbs, are nearly 14 miles in
circumference." The walls of the city are 28 feet
high, 24 thick at the base, and 12 at the top ; and
there are spacious towers at 70 feet distance from
each other. The gates are high, and well arch
ed, supporting buildings of nine stories high; the
lowest of which is for the soldiers when they
come off guard: they are nine in number, three
in the S. wall, and two in each of the other sides.
The middle gate, on the E. side, opens into the
Tartar or imperial city, which is a space within
the general enclosure, about a mile from N. to S.
and three-fourths of a mile from E. to W., with a
rivulet winding through it. A wall of large red
polished bricks, 20 feet high, covered with a root
of tiles painted yellow and varnished, surrounds
this space, in which are contained the imperial
palace and gardens, the public offices, and lodg-
ings for the ministers, the eunuchs, artificers, and
tradesmen belonging to the court. Between the
other twin gates in the S. wall, and the opposite
ones on the N. side of the city, run two straight
streets, each 4 m. in length and 120 feet wide.
One street of the same width runs from one of the
eastern to the corresponding western gate, but the
other is interrupted hy the imperial city, round the
walls of which it is carried. The other streets
branch from these main streets at right angles, and
are very narrow. The houses have no windows
nor openings to the street, except the great shops ;
most of them are poorly built, and have only a
ground floor. It is astonishing to, see the con-
course of people in the main streets, yet not one
Chinese woman among them, and the confusion
occasioned by the number of horses, camels,
mules, asses, waggons, carts, and chairs; with
out reckoning the several mobs which gather
about the jugglers, ballad-singers, &c. Persons
of distinction have always a horseman to go be-
fore them and clear the way. All the great
streets are guarded by soldiers, who patrole night
and day with swords by their sides, and whips in
their hands, to chastise those who make any dis-
turbance, or take them into custody. The minor
streets have lattice gates at their entrance into
the great streets, which are shut up at night, and
guarded by soldiers, who suffer no assemblies in
the streets at that time The emperor s palace
and garden, which occupy two-thirds of the Tar-
tar city, is surrounded by a brick wall, 2 m. in
length, with pavilions at each corner encompassed
hy galleries, supported by columns; the architec-
ture of the stupendous pile of buildings of which
the palace corisists is entirely different from that