Pembri.dge, a town in Herefordshire, Eng. with
a m anufacture of woolen cloth; seated on the
Arrow, 7 m. W. of Leominster and 145 W. N. AV.
of London.

Pembroke, ph. Merrimack Co. N. H. on the
Merrimack, 40 m. A^r. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,312;
ph. Plymouth Co. Mass. 10 m. N. W. Plymouth!
Pop. L.324 ; ph. Genesee Co. N. Y. 25 m. E. of
Buffalo. Pop. 3,831.

Pembroke, a borough of Wales, capital of Pem-
brokeshire. It stands on the innermost creek of
Milford-haven, over which are two bridges, but
the harbour is become injured by the rubbish of
the neighbouring lime-stone quarries. It was an-
ciently surrounded by walls, and had a magnifi-
cent castle, the remains of which still give it an
appearance of uncommon grandeur. 263 m. AV.
by N. of London. Long. 4. 48. W., lat. 51.

43. N.

Pembrokeshire, a county of Wales, 37 m. long
and 23 broad ; surrounded on all sides by the sea,
except on the E., where it is bounded by Caer-
marthenshire, and Cardiganshire. It contains
335,600 acres, is divided into 7 hundreds and 145
parishes, has one city and 7 market towns, and
sends three members to pEfrliament. Pop. in IS21,
74,009. The rivers are inconsiderable. A great
part of the county is plain and tolerably fertile,
consisting of rich meadows and arable land. The
N. E. part alone is mountainous, which, however
yield good pasturage for sheep and cattle. This
county abounds with objects of antiquarian inter-
est, such as druidical circles, cromlechs, single
stone monuments, castles, &c.

Pemigexcasset, one of the head streams of the
Merrimack in N. H. It joins the AVinipisiogee,
at Sanbornton.

Penang. See Prince of Wales Island.

Penautier, a town of France, department of
Aude, 4 m. N. of Carcassone.

Pendennis, a castle in Cornwall, Eng. on a hill
of the same name, on Falmouth Bay. It was
built by Henry VIII. for the security of the coast,
and on the opposite side of the bay is another cal-
led St. Maws. It is a little to the S. E. of Fal-
mouth, the harbour of which it defends.

Pendleton, a large village in Lancashire, Eng.
2 m. W. N. AV. of Manchester. The inhabitants
are principally employed in the trade and manu-
factures of the various Manchester goods.

Pendleton, a county of the E. district of Vir-
ginia. Pop. 6,271. Franklin is the capital: a coun-
ty of Kentucky. Pop. 3,866. Falmouth is the cap-
ital ; also a town in Pickens Dis. S. C. 100 in. N.
W. Columbia.

Peiuche, a strong sea-port of Portugal, in Es-
tremadura, with a good harbour and a citadel;
seated on a peninsula, 48 m. N. W of Lisbon.
Long. 9. 20. W., lat,. 39. 22. N.

renig. a town of Saxony, and tlfb chief place
A one of the lordships forming the county of
Schomburg, with a manufacture of woolen stuffs
and a pottery; seated on the Mulda, 11 m. N.
AV. of Chemnitz.

Penisco'a, a town of Spain, in Valencia,xc2xabeated
on a high point of land, surrounded on three
sides by the sea. and of difficult access by land.
It is 30 m. S. by AV. of Tortosa and 80 N. N. E.
of Valencia. Long. 0. 24. E.. lat. 40.24. N.

Penfidd, ph. Monroe Co. X. Y. 6 m. E. Roch-
ester. Pop. 4,475; also a township of New Bruns-
wick in Charlotte Co. at the Bay of Fundy.

Penishehr, a town of Afghanistan, capital of a
district in the province ef Cabul,46 m. N. of Cabul.

Penistone, a town in W. Yorkshire, Eng. with
a small woolen manufacture. It has a handsome
parish church, three meeting-houses, a grammai
school, and three other schools free to the whole
parish. The environs, especially to the W , have
rather a dreary and barren appearance. The
town is seated on the right bank of the river Don,

13 m. S. S. E. of Huddersfield and 177 N. N. W.
of London.

Penhridge, a decayed town in Staffordshire,

Eng. seated on the river Penk, 6 m. S. cf Stafford
and 129 N. W. of London.

Penhum, a town of Prussian Pomerania, seated
on the Randow, between two small lakes, 15 m.

S. W. of Stettin.

Penmaenmawr, a mountain of Wales, in Caer-    t

narvonshire, overhanging the sea, and rising to
the height of 1,540 feet. It is 4 m. W. by S. of
Aberconway, and the road to Holyhead crosses it
on the side of a dreadful precipice, from which it
is defended by a wall.

Penn, a township of Philadelphia Co. Pa. ad-
joining the city, also townships in Chester, Nor-
thampton and Schuylkill Cos. Pa. and Morgan
Co. Ohio.

Pennar, a river of Hindoostan, which rises in
Mysore, flows by Gooty, Gandicotta, Cuddaph,
and Vellore, and enters the bay of Bengal at
Gangapatnam.

Pennington, p.v. Hunterdon Co. N. J. 9 m. N.

W. Trenton.

Pennsborough, 2 townships in Cumberland Co.

Pa. and villages in Lycoming Co. Pa. and Wood
Co. Va.

Pennsburg, a township of Chester Co. Pa.

Pennsylvania, one of the United States, bounded
N. by Lake Erie and New York, E. by New
York and New Jersey, S. by Delaware, Maryland
and Virginia, and W. by Virginia and Ohio. It
extends from 39. 42. to 42. N. lat. and from 74. to
80. 40. AV. long, and contains 43,950 sq. m. The
centre of the state is occupied by the great Apala-
chian chain of mountains, which here spread out
to their greatest width, and occupy two thirds of
the whole territory. The Delaware bounds the
state on the East. The Susquehanna with its nu-
merous branches intersect nearly the whole
mountainous region. The Allegany, Mononga-
hela and Ohio, water the western parts. A small
portion of the northern limit is washed by Lake
Erie.

In the country E. of the mountains, the climate
does not differ greatly from that part of New Jer
sey in the same parallel, and may be characteris-
ed in general terms as mild and temperate. The
mountainous country lies exposed to the chilling
north-west winds, and the winter in this part is
severe, with deep snows. W. of the moun-
tains, the climate becomes milder; here the easter-
ly winds of the Atlantic coast are unknown, and
the country is not exposed to the sudden chan-
ges which they occasion. The heat of the sum-
mer is not so great as upon the coast, and the au-
tumn is long, serene and temperate.

East of the mountains the soil is excellent; in
this part the land is level,, and enriched from the
washing of the hills and uplands. In the interior
the soil is rocky and barren, with fertile spots in
the valleys, and along the borders of the streams
Some of these valleys contain land as rich as any
in the state; but generally the soil being a black
mould, two or three feet deep, and among the
mountains, is not well adapted to cultivation.

W. of the mountains, the country improves, anc