shattered forces. A subsequent expedition, with
a more formidable force, under General Forbes,
was successful in striking terror into the enemy,
so that they burned the fort and abandoned the
place; though not without having routed and
dispersed an advanced detachment of 800 men,
sent forward under Captain Grant; which they
did, with the aid of the Indians, by surrounding
them, upon what is now Grant's Hill, and kill-
ing and capturing about 300 of their number.
Among the prisoners taken was the captain
himself. The English, having dispossessed the
French, erected a temporary stockade, which
they called Fort Pitt; and in 1759, General
Stanwix commenced the construction of a more
formidable work, which cost the British govern-
ment £60,000 sterling. This fort sustained an
attack from the Indians in 1763. Some remains
of a brick redoubt, which was built in 1764, after
peace was restored between the French and the
English, are still visible. Until after the close
of the revolutionary war, Pittsburg continued to
be only a small place. In 1775, the number of
dwellings within the present limits of the city
was not more than 25 or 30. But in 1784, the
ground, which belonged to Penn's manor, and
was the property of the family, was laid out into
town lots, and sold rapidly. Two years later,
the first number of the Pennsylvania Gazette was
published here, in which it was stated that the
number of houses in the village was about 100.
In 1788, the county of Alleghany was consti-
tuted, and in 1791, Pittsburg became the county
town. The earliest authentic account of the pop-
ulation is in the Pittsburg Gazette for January 9,
1796 ; when, by a census just taken, it appeared
that it amounted to 1395. It was during this
year that Louis Philippe, afterwards king of the
French, visited this place, and spent considerable
time there.

Pittsburg is compactly built, with many hand-
some edifices, chiefly of brick; which, however,
have a dark and smoky appearance, from the
falling soot of the bituminous coal, which is used
to such an extent by the manufactories and
otherwise. Among the public buildings, the new
eourt house, situated upon an elevation which
commands an extensive view, is a splendid edi-
fice, of the Grecian Doric order of architecture,
165 feet long and 100 feet deep. The height of
the dome above the ground is 148 feet. The cost
of this building was about $200,000. A splen-
did Roman Catholic cathedral, located on Grant's
Hill, makes an imposing appearance. The build-
ings of the Western University of Pennsylvania
are also situated near Grant's Hill. The Third
Presbyterian Church, several of the banking
houses, and some of the large hotels, are also
fine buildings. There are three market houses,
and a museum containing many Indian curios-
ities. Three covered bridges cross the Alleghany
River, one of which has a walk for foot passen-
gers upon the top. A bridge also crosses the
Monongahela, 1500 feet in length, which was
erected at an expense of $102,000. The harbor is
chiefly in this river, because the depth of water is
greater here than in the Alleghany. The Penn-
sylvania Canal is carried over the Alleghany in a
viaduct 1200 feet long, built by the state, at an
expense of $104,000. After entering the city, it
passes through a tunnel under Grant's Hill, and
enters the Monongahela River. Another branch
of the canal passes through Alleghany City, and
enters the Alleghany River a few hundred yards
above where it unites with the Ohio. The water
with which the city is supplied is raised 116 feet
from the Alleghany River, by a steam engine,
which raises 3,000,000 gallons daily. It is dis-
tributed through the city in pipes, which have an
aggregate length of about ten miles. These
waterworks cost over $250,000. In 1836 an es-
tablishment was completed for lighting the city
with gas; which is manufactured from the bitu-
minous coal at a small expense, and gives a bril-
liant light.

Several of the places adjacent to Pittsburg
deserve to be described with it, as they virtually
belong to the same community, although under
separate corporations. The most important of
these is Alleghany City, on the opposite side of
the Alleghany River. It contains many of the
finest residences, in commanding situations,
occupied by persons doing business in Pittsburg.
Its commercial and manufacturing business,
properly its own, is also considerable. It con-
tains a number of churches of different denom-
inations. The Western Theological Seminary
is located here. It is under the direction of the
Presbyterians, and has two professors and a
library of 6000 volumes. The edifice, which is
on a commanding eminence, is 140 feet long and
50 wide; the central part being four stories high,
and the wings three. The Theological Seminary
of the Associate Reformed Church is also located
here.

Birmingham, borough, is another considerable
suburb of Pittsburg, on the opposite side of the
Monongahela, and connected by a bridge and
ferry. It is about a mile from the centre of the
city. It contains extensive manufactories of
glass and iron. It has two churches, a Presby-
terian and a Methodist. There are a number of
flourishing villages, besides, in the vicinity of
Pittsburg, some of which have been named in
this article.

Pittsburg combines great advantages of posi-
tion. The great line of canal and railroad from
Philadelphia, over the Schuylkill and Susque-
hanna valley and the intervening mountains,
which here connects with the Ohio River, is of
great importance to Pittsburg, and to the whole
west. In 1811, the first steamboat constructed
on the western waters was built at Pittsburg.
This was the commencement of a vast increase
in the trade and business of this city. Whereas
it was before the work of a whole season to make
a trip to New Orleans and return, now many are
made in a season. Nearly 100 steamboats, em-
ployed on the Ohio and connected rivers, are
owned, either wholly or in part, in this city. Its
manufactures, too, give it great importance. It
has deservedly acquired the name of the Bir-
mingham of America. To Philadelphia, by rail-
road and canal, 399 miles ; to Erie, 130 ; to Cin-
cinnati, 470 miles.

Pittsboro\ N. C., c. h. Chatham co. On Robin-
son's Creek. 34 miles W. by S. from Raleigh.

Pittsfield, Is., c. h. Pike co., occupies elevated
ground at nearly equal distances between Illinois
and Mississippi Rivers, and 70 miles W. S. W.
from Springfield.

Pittsfield, Me., Somerset co. A good township.
38 miles N. N. E. from Augusta.

Pittsfield, Ms., Berkshire co. 5 miles N. of
Lenox, the shire town. 151 miles W. from
Boston, and 49 E. from Albany, N. Y.