the low lands ; that mixed with mountain ore is
manufactured into all kinds of iron and cast-
ings.

Washington, N. J., Gloucester co. Watered
by Pensauken and Cooper's Creeks, and some
branches of Atsion Itiver. Its surface is level;
its soil light sand and loam. Shell marl is found
here.

Washington County. N. Y., Kingsbury and Sa-
lem shire towns. Formed from Albany co. in 1772.
It is bounded N. by Warren and Essex counties
and Vermont, E. by Lake Champlain and Ver-
mont, S. by Rensselaer, and W. by Saratoga and
Warren counties and Lake George. The Bat-
tenkill, Pawlet, Poultney, and Hoosic Rivers,
and Wood Creek, are its principal streams. Sur-
face hilly and mountainous, being partly covered
by the Palmertown range. Soil various, but
warm and fertile in many parts. The different
kinds of iron ore, marl, lime, marble, and water
lime are the principal mineral productions. The
Champlain Canal traverses this county.

Washington, N. Y., Dutchess co. Watered by
tributaries of Wappinger's and Ten Mile Creeks.
Surface hilly and uneven, being covered on the
E. by the Matteawan Mountains. Soil fertile,
yielding fine crops of grass and grain. 12 miles
N. E. from Poughkeepsie village, and 88 S. from
Albany.

Washington County, N. C., c. h. at Plymouth.
The county is bounded N. by Roanoke River and
Albemarle Sound, Tyrrell co. E., Martin W., and
Hyde and Beaufort S. The soil generally is
thin and sterile; the surface level and in part
marshy.

Washington. N. C., c. h. Beaufort co. On the
N. side of Tar River, at its junction with Pamlico
River, and 127 miles E. by S. from Raleigh. A
seaport largely engaged in the lumber trade.

Washington County, 0., c. h. at Marietta.
Lying on the Ohio River, at the mouth of the
Muskingum, and having Morgan and Monroe
counties on the N., the Ohio River separating it
from Virginia on the S. E., and Athens and a
part of Morgan co. on the W. This county, with
boundaries originally embracing nearly one half
the territory of the state, was constituted July
27, 1788, by proclamation of Governor St. Clair,
being the first county established within the limits
of Ohio. With the settlement of this county were
laid the foundations of this great and flourishing
state, under the auspices of the “ New England
Ohio Company,'' organized in New England in
1787. Forty-seven men, after making a toilsome
journey across the Alleghanies, in the winter of
that year, by the old Indian path, which has
since been followed by the national road from
Cumberland to Wheeling, planted themselves at
the mouth of the Muskingum, on the spot where
Marrietta now stands, which had been previously
selected for the commencement of their colony.
General Rufus Putnam had the superintendence
of the enterprise ; and others of the company, as
well as many of those who joined the colony
afterwards, had served as officers or soldiers in
the war of the revolution. They were a set of
men of whose fitness for such a purpose Wash-
ington was able to say, “ No colony in America
was ever settled under such favorable auspices as
that which was first commenced at the Musking-
um. Information, property, and strength will be
its characteristics. I know many of the settlers
personally; and there never were men better
calculated to promote the welfare of such a com-
munity.''

The present extent of Washington county is
45 miles in length from E. to W., and from 12 to
22 miles in breadth from N. to S., containing
about 713 square miles. The Muskingum, by a
circuitous but generally S. E. course, divides the
county nearly in the middle. Other streams are
the Little Muskingum, Little Hockhocking, Big
Run, Bear Creek, Wolf Creek, Duck Creek, Cat's
Creek, Rainbow Creek, and Pawpaw Creek. The
Ohio River washes the whole south-eastern boun-
dary of the county. The general surface, with the
exception of the broad strips of alluvial lands upon
the Ohio and the Muskingum Rivers, is hilly or
broken. While there are extensive tracts of ara-
ble and fertile lands in the middle and western
parts of the county, the uplands are better
adapted, in general, to pasturage than to tillage.
The staple productions are sheep, cattle, and
horses, pork, wool, fruit, grains of various kinds,
and the products of the dairy. Stone coal is
abundant, especially on the Muskingum River.
On the waters of the Pawpaw are found great
quantities of iron pyrites, bedded in the clay at
the bottom of the creek. Near these localities
are the remains of numerous furnaces, built of
stone, with hearths of clay, containing- cinders
and pieces of stone coal, partly consumed, which
had been used in smelting these ores. These
remains are very ancient, some of them having
large forest trees growing upon their ruins. In
the vicinity of Marietta there are also other an-
cient works, which appear to have been designed
and used as fortifications, and which are a great
curiosity to travellers.

Washington, 0., c. h. Fayette co. 38 miles S. W.
from Columbus, and 30 N. W. from Chillicothe.

Washington County, On. In the lower valley
of the Willamette.

Washington County, Pa., c. h. at Washington.
Bounded N. by Beaver co., N. E. by Alleghany,
S. by Green, E. by Monongahela River, or West-
moreland and Fayette, and W. by Virginia. It
has a productive soil and hilly surface. The
height of land between Ohio and Monongahela
Rivers is occupied by this county, and the creeks
flow from its central parts like radii from a com-
mon centre.

Washington, Pa., c. h. Washington co. 209
miles W. from Harrisburg. Washington Col-
lege is. located here, (see Colleges;) likewise a
female seminary. There are numerous stores in
the village, and an active trade centres here.
The college edifice stands to the E. of the town,
is constructed of stone, three stories high, and
sufficiently spacious to accommodate 150 students.

Washington, Pa., Lycoming co. A township
situated opposite Williamsport, in the great bend
of the W. branch of the Susquehanna.

Washington County, R. I., c. h. at South Kings-
ton. S. W. part. Surface diversified and hilly.
Fertile. An excellent grazing district. The
coast has but two or three smaller harbors. The
Pawcatuck, which flow's S. through the W. part,
is the principal river. The Stonington Railroad
traverses this county from N. E. to S. W.

Washington County, Te., c. h. at Jonesboro'.
This county has a hilly and broken surface. No-
lachucky River drains its southern part, and
Holston its northern. It is bounded N. by Sulli-
van, E. by Carter, W. by Greene co., Te., and S.
by North Carolina.